Department of Host Defense

Subjects:

1. Physiological roles of Toll-like receptor(TLR) family and signaling pathways via TLRs.
2. In vivo roles of STAT family of transcription fators.

Papers published in 2003

1. Toxoplasma gondii-derived heat shock protein HSP70 functions as a B cell mitogen.

   Fumie Aosai, Mei Chen, Hyun-Kyu Kang, Hye-Seong Mun, Kazumi Norose, Lian Xun Piao, Masashi Kobayashi, Osamu Takeuchi, Shizuo Akira and Akihiko Yano

   Cell Stress Chaperones, 7 (4), 357-364, 2002.
2. Recognition of lipopeptides by Toll-like receptors.

   Kiyoshi Takeda, Osamu Takeuchi and Shizuo Akira

   J Endotoxin Res, 8 (6), 459-463, 2002.
3. Lipopolysaccharides from Legionella and Rhizobium stimulate mouse bone marrow granulocytes via Toll-like receptor 2.

   Robert Girard, Thierry Pedron, Satoshi Uematsu, Viviane Balloy, Michel Chignard, Shizuo Akira and Richard Chaby

   J Cell Sci, 116 (Pt 2), 293-302, 2003.
4. Mammalian Toll-like receptors.

   Shizuo Akira

   Curr Opin Immunol, 15 (1), 5-11, 2003.
5. Development of colitis in signal transducers and activators of transcription 6-deficient T-cell receptor alpha-deficient mice: a potential role of signal transducers and activators of transcription 6-independent interleukin-4 signaling for the generation of Th2-biased pathological CD4+ betabetaT cells.

   Yoshiko Okuda, Ichiro Takahashi, Jin-Kyung Kim, Noriyuki Ohta, Kouichi Iwatani, Hideki Iijima, Yasuyuki Kai, Hiroshi Tamagawa, Takachika Hiroi, Mi-Na Kweon, Sunao Kawano, Kiyoshi Takeda, Sizuo Akira, Yutaka Sasaki, Masatsugu Hori and Hiroshi Kiyono

   Am J Pathol, 162 (1), 263-271, 2003.
6. Toll-like receptors.

   Kiyoshi Takeda, Tsuneyasu Kaisho and Shizuo Akira

   Annu Rev Immunol, 21, 335-376, 2003.
7. Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by TLR family.

   Shizuo Akira and Hiroaki Hemmi

   Immunol Lett, 85 (2), 85-95, 2003.
8. TAB2 is essential for prevention of apoptosis in fetal liver but not for interleukin-1 signaling.

   Hideki Sanjo, Kiyoshi Takeda, Tohru Tsujimura, Jun Ninomiya-Tsuji, Kunihiro Matsumoto and Shizuo Akira

   Mol Cell Biol, 23 (4), 1231-1238, 2003.
9. Suppression of allergic reaction by lambda-carrageenan: toll-like receptor 4/MyD88-dependent and -independent modulation of immunity.

   R F Tsuji, K Hoshino, Y Noro, N M Tsuji, T Kurokawa, T Masuda, S Akira and B Nowak

   Clin Exp Allergy, 33 (2), 249-258, 2003.
10. Involvement of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in interferon-gamma production and antitumor effect by streptococcal agent OK-432.

    Masato Okamoto, Tetsuya Oshikawa, Tomoyuki Tano, Go Ohe, Sachiko Furuichi, Hidetomo Nishikawa, Sharif Uddin Ahmed, Sachiko Akashi, Kensuke Miyake, Osamu Takeuchi, Shizuo Akira, Yoichiro Moriya, Shuzo Matsubara, Yoshiki Ryoma, Motoo Saito and Mitsunobu Sato

    J Natl Cancer Inst, 95 (4), 316-326, 2003.
11. Prion pathogenesis in the absence of Toll-like receptor signalling.

    Marco Prinz, Mathias Heikenwalder, Petra Schwarz, Kiyoshi Takeda, Shizuo Akira and Adriano Aguzzi

    EMBO Rep, 4 (2), 195-199, 2003.
12. Toll receptors and pathogen resistance.

    Kiyoshi Takeda and Shizuo Akira

    Cell Microbiol, 5 (3), 143-153, 2003.
13. Toll-like receptor-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin via MyD88-dependent and -independent pathways.

    Kaoru Hazeki, Naoyo Masuda, Kenji Funami, Naoe Sukenobu, Misako Matsumoto, Shizuo Akira, Kiyoshi Takeda, Tsukasa Seya and Osamu Hazeki

    Eur J Immunol, 33 (3), 740-747, 2003.
14. The roles of Toll-like receptor 9, MyD88, and DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit in the effects of two distinct CpG DNAs on dendritic cell subsets.

    Hiroaki Hemmi, Tsuneyasu Kaisho, Kiyoshi Takeda and Shizuo Akira

    J Immunol, 170 (6), 3059-3064, 2003.
15. Analysis of cytokine regulators inducing interferon production by mouse uterine natural killer cells.

    J H Zhang, H He, A M Borzychowski, K Takeda, S Akira and B A Croy

    Biol Reprod, 69 (2), 404-411, 2003.
16. Interleukin-18 impairs the pulmonary host response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

    Marc J Schultz, Sylvia Knapp, Sandrine Florquin, Jennie Pater, Kiyoshi Takeda, Shizuo Akira and Tom van der Poll

    Infect Immun, 71 (4), 1630-1634, 2003.
17. Toll-like receptor expression in murine DC subsets: lack of TLR7 expression by CD8 alpha+ DC correlates with unresponsiveness to imidazoquinolines.

    Alexander D Edwards, Sandra S Diebold, Emma M C Slack, Hideyuki Tomizawa, Hiroaki Hemmi, Tsuneyasu Kaisho, Shizuo Akira and Caetano Reis e Sousa

    Eur J Immunol, 33 (4), 827-833, 2003.
18. A subset of Toll-like receptor ligands induces cross-presentation by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells.

    Sandip K Datta, Vanessa Redecke, Kiley R Prilliman, Kenji Takabayashi, Maripat Corr, Thomas Tallant, Joseph DiDonato, Roman Dziarski, Shizuo Akira, Stephen P Schoenberger and Eyal Raz

    J Immunol, 170 (8), 4102-4110, 2003.
19. Activation and regulation of Toll-like receptors 2 and 1 in human leprosy.

    Stephan R Krutzik, Maria Teresa Ochoa, Peter A Sieling, Satoshi Uematsu, Yolanda W Ng, Annaliza Legaspi, Philip T Liu, Stewart T Cole, Paul J Godowski, Yumi Maeda, Euzenir N Sarno, Michael V Norgard, Patrick J Brennan, Shizuo Akira, Thomas H Rea and Robert L Modlin

    Nat Med, 9 (5), 525-532, 2003.
20. CD19 regulates innate immunity by the toll-like receptor RP105 signaling in B lymphocytes.

    Norihito Yazawa, Manabu Fujimoto, Shinichi Sato, Kensuke Miyake, Noriko Asano, Yoshinori Nagai, Osamu Takeuchi, Kiyoshi Takeda, Hitoshi Okochi, Shizuo Akira, Thomas F Tedder and Kunihiko Tamaki

    Blood, 102 (4), 1374-1380, 2003.
21. Collaborative induction of inflammatory responses by dectin-1 and Toll-like receptor 2.

    Benjamin N Gantner, Randi M Simmons, Scott J Canavera, Shizuo Akira and David M Underhill

    J Exp Med, 197 (9), 1107-1117, 2003.
22. Toll-like receptor-dependent production of IL-12p40 causes chronic enterocolitis in myeloid cell-specific Stat3-deficient mice.

    Masaya Kobayashi, Mi-Na Kweon, Hirotaka Kuwata, Robert D Schreiber, Hiroshi Kiyono, Kiyoshi Takeda and Shizuo Akira

    J Clin Invest, 111 (9), 1297-1308, 2003.
23. Interleukin-18 gene-deficient mice show enhanced defense and reduced inflammation during pneumococcal meningitis.

    Petra J G Zwijnenburg, Tom van der Poll, Sandrine Florquin, Shizuo Akira, Kiyoshi Takeda, John J Roord and A Marceline van Furth

    J Neuroimmunol, 138 (1-2), 31-37, 2003.
24. Critical role of the Toll-like receptor signal adaptor protein MyD88 in acute allograft rejection.

    Daniel R Goldstein, Bethany M Tesar, Shizuo Akira and Fadi G Lakkis

    J Clin Invest, 111 (10), 1571-1578, 2003.
25. IL-6 induces an anti-inflammatory response in the absence of SOCS3 in macrophages.

    Hideo Yasukawa, Masanobu Ohishi, Hiroyuki Mori, Masaaki Murakami, Takatoshi Chinen, Daisuke Aki, Toshikatsu Hanada, Kiyoshi Takeda, Shizuo Akira, Masahiko Hoshijima, Toshio Hirano, Kenneth R Chien and Akihiko Yoshimura

    Nat Immunol, 4 (6), 551-556, 2003.
26. CpG directly induces T-bet expression and inhibits IgG1 and IgE switching in B cells.

    Ningshu Liu, Noriko Ohnishi, Lin Ni, Shizuo Akira and Kevin B Bacon

    Nat Immunol, 4 (7), 687-693, 2003.
27. Role of adapters in Toll-like receptor signalling.

    S Akira, M Yamamoto and K Takeda

    Biochem Soc Trans, 31 (Pt 3), 637-642, 2003.
28. Regulation of dendritic cell function through Toll-like receptors.

    Tsuneyasu Kaisho and Shizuo Akira

    Curr Mol Med, 3 (4), 373-385, 2003.
29. Th2 cytokines, IgE and mast cells play a crucial role in the induction of para-phenylenediamine-induced contact hypersensitivity in mice.

    H Yokozeki, M-H Wu, K Sumi, K Igawa, Y Miyazaki, I Katayama, K Takeda, S Akira and K Nishioka

    Clin Exp Immunol, 132 (3), 385-392, 2003.
30. Myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent and -independent pathways in toll-like receptor signaling.

    Shizuo Akira and Katuaki Hoshino

    J Infect Dis, 187 Suppl 2, S356-363, 2003.
31. The function of GADD34 is a recovery from a shutoff of protein synthesis induced by ER stress: elucidation by GADD34-deficient mice.

    Eiji Kojima, Akihide Takeuchi, Masataka Haneda, Ayako Yagi, Tadao Hasegawa, Ken-ichi Yamaki, Kiyoshi Takeda, Shizuo Akira, Kaoru Shimokata and Ken-ichi Isobe

    FASEB J, 17 (11), 1573-1575, 2003.
32. Candida albicans phospholipomannan is sensed through toll-like receptors.

    Thierry Jouault, Stella Ibata-Ombetta, Osamu Takeuchi, Pierre-André Trinel, Paola Sacchetti, Philippe Lefebvre, Shizuo Akira and Daniel Poulain

    J Infect Dis, 188 (1), 165-172, 2003.
33. Mycobacterial infection in TLR2 and TLR6 knockout mice.

    Isamu Sugawara, Hiroyuki Yamada, Chuanyou Li, Satoru Mizuno, Osamu Takeuchi and Shizuo Akira

    Microbiol Immunol, 47 (5), 327-336, 2003.
34. Reduced atherosclerosis in interleukin-18 deficient apolipoprotein E-knockout mice.

    Rima Elhage, Jacek Jawien, Mats Rudling, Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren, Kiyoshi Takeda, Shizuo Akira, Francis Bayard and Göran K Hansson

    Cardiovasc Res, 59 (1), 234-240, 2003.
35. Synergistic effects of lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma in inducing interleukin-8 production in human monocytic THP-1 cells is accompanied by up-regulation of CD14, Toll-like receptor 4, MD-2 and MyD88 expression.

    Riyoko Tamai, Shunji Sugawara, Osamu Takeuchi, Shizuo Akira and Haruhiko Takada

    J Endotoxin Res, 9 (3), 145-153, 2003.
36. Role of adaptor TRIF in the MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.

    Masahiro Yamamoto, Shintaro Sato, Hiroaki Hemmi, Katsuaki Hoshino, Tsuneyasu Kaisho, Hideki Sanjo, Osamu Takeuchi, Masanaka Sugiyama, Masaru Okabe, Kiyoshi Takeda and Shizuo Akira

    Science, 301 (5633), 640-643, 2003.
37. Simultaneous blocking of human Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 suppresses myeloid dendritic cell activation induced by Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin peptidoglycan.

    Junji Uehori, Misako Matsumoto, Shoutaro Tsuji, Takashi Akazawa, Osamu Takeuchi, Shizuo Akira, Tsutomu Kawata, Ichiro Azuma, Kumao Toyoshima and Tsukasa Seya

    Infect Immun, 71 (8), 4238-4249, 2003.
38. Toll-like receptor signaling.

    Shizuo Akira

    J Biol Chem, 278 (40), 38105-38108, 2003.
39. Toll-like receptor 9-mediated recognition of Herpes simplex virus-2 by plasmacytoid dendritic cells.

    Jennifer Lund, Ayuko Sato, Shizuo Akira, Ruslan Medzhitov and Akiko Iwasaki

    J Exp Med, 198 (3), 513-520, 2003.
40. Cutting edge: the B cell chemokine CXC chemokine ligand 13/B lymphocyte chemoattractant is expressed in the high endothelial venules of lymph nodes and Peyer's patches and affects B cell trafficking across high endothelial venules.

    Yukihiko Ebisuno, Toshiyuki Tanaka, Naotoshi Kanemitsu, Hidenobu Kanda, Kazuhito Yamaguchi, Tsuneyasu Kaisho, Shizuo Akira and Masayuki Miyasaka

    J Immunol, 171 (4), 1642-1646, 2003.
41. IL-10-inducible Bcl-3 negatively regulates LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in macrophages.

    Hirotaka Kuwata, Yasuyuki Watanabe, Hiroyuki Miyoshi, Masahiro Yamamoto, Tsuneyasu Kaisho, Kiyoshi Takeda and Shizuo Akira

    Blood, 102 (12), 4123-4129, 2003.
42. TLR2 as an essential molecule for protective immunity against Toxoplasma gondii infection.

    Hye-Seong Mun, Fumie Aosai, Kazumi Norose, Mei Chen, Lian-Xun Piao, Osamu Takeuchi, Shizuo Akira, Hiroshi Ishikura and Akihiko Yano

    Int Immunol, 15 (9), 1081-1087, 2003.
43. ZIP kinase triggers apoptosis from nuclear PML oncogenic domains.

    Taro Kawai, Shizuo Akira and John C Reed

    Mol Cell Biol, 23 (17), 6174-6186, 2003.
44. Differential role of MyD88 in macrophage-mediated responses to opportunistic fungal pathogens.

    Kieren A Marr, S Arunmozhi Balajee, Thomas R Hawn, Adrian Ozinsky, Uyenvy Pham, Shizuo Akira, Alan Aderem and W Conrad Liles

    Infect Immun, 71 (9), 5280-5286, 2003.
45. Contrasting action of IL-12 and IL-18 in the development of dextran sodium sulphate colitis in mice.

    H Takagi, T Kanai, A Okazawa, Y Kishi, T Sato, H Takaishi, N Inoue, H Ogata, Y Iwao, K Hoshino, K Takeda, S Akira, M Watanabe, H Ishii and T Hibi

    Scand J Gastroenterol, 38 (8), 837-844, 2003.
46. Integral role of Noxa in p53-mediated apoptotic response.

    Tsukasa Shibue, Kiyoshi Takeda, Eri Oda, Hiroshi Tanaka, Hideki Murasawa, Akinori Takaoka, Yasuyuki Morishita, Shizuo Akira, Tadatsugu Taniguchi and Nobuyuki Tanaka

    Genes Dev, 17 (18), 2233-2238, 2003.
47. Selective contribution of IFN-alpha/beta signaling to the maturation of dendritic cells induced by double-stranded RNA or viral infection.

    Kenya Honda, Shinya Sakaguchi, Chigusa Nakajima, Ai Watanabe, Hideyuki Yanai, Misako Matsumoto, Toshiaki Ohteki, Tsuneyasu Kaisho, Akinori Takaoka, Shizuo Akira, Tsukasa Seya and Tadatsugu Taniguchi

    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 100 (19), 10872-10877, 2003.
48. [Host defence mechanisms against infections: Innate immunity and adaptive immunity]

    Tsuneyasu Kaisho and Shizuo Akira

    Nippon Naika Gakkai Zasshi, 92 (8), 1546-1551, 2003.
49. Immunogenicity of Peptide-25 of Ag85B in Th1 development: role of IFN-gamma.

    Ai Kariyone, Toshiki Tamura, Hideyuki Kano, Yoichiro Iwakura, Kiyoshi Takeda, Shizuo Akira and Kiyoshi Takatsu

    Int Immunol, 15 (10), 1183-1194, 2003.
50. A critical role for Stat3 signaling in immune tolerance.

    Fengdong Cheng, Hong-Wei Wang, Alex Cuenca, Mei Huang, Tomar Ghansah, Jason Brayer, William G Kerr, Kiyoshi Takeda, Shizuo Akira, Stephen P Schoenberger, Hua Yu, Richard Jove and Eduardo M Sotomayor

    Immunity, 19 (3), 425-436, 2003.
51. Interleukin-18 facilitates the early antimicrobial host response to Escherichia coli peritonitis.

    Sebastiaan Weijer, Miguel E Sewnath, Alex F de Vos, Sandrine Florquin, Koen van der Sluis, Dirk J Gouma, Kiyoshi Takeda, Shizuo Akira and Tom van der Poll

    Infect Immun, 71 (10), 5488-5497, 2003.
52. MyD88 primes macrophages for full-scale activation by interferon-gamma yet mediates few responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

    Shuangping Shi, Carl Nathan, Dirk Schnappinger, Jörg Drenkow, Michele Fuortes, Ellen Block, Aihao Ding, Thomas R Gingeras, Gary Schoolnik, Shizuo Akira, Kiyoshi Takeda and Sabine Ehrt

    J Exp Med, 198 (7), 987-997, 2003.
53. Stat3 protects against Fas-induced liver injury by redox-dependent and -independent mechanisms.

    Sanae Haga, Keita Terui, Hui Qi Zhang, Shin Enosawa, Wataru Ogawa, Hiroshi Inoue, Torayuki Okuyama, Kiyoshi Takeda, Shizuo Akira, Tetsuya Ogino, Kaikobad Irani and Michitaka Ozaki

    J Clin Invest, 112 (7), 989-998, 2003.
54. Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-beta (TRIF) associates with TNF receptor-associated factor 6 and TANK-binding kinase 1, and activates two distinct transcription factors, NF-kappa B and IFN-regulatory factor-3, in the Toll-like receptor signaling.

    Shintaro Sato, Masanaka Sugiyama, Masahiro Yamamoto, Yasuyuki Watanabe, Taro Kawai, Kiyoshi Takeda and Shizuo Akira

    J Immunol, 171 (8), 4304-4310, 2003.
55. X-ray crystal structure of IRF-3 and its functional implications.

    Kiyohiro Takahasi, Nobuo N Suzuki, Masataka Horiuchi, Mitsuaki Mori, Wakako Suhara, Yasutaka Okabe, Yukiko Fukuhara, Hiroaki Terasawa, Shizuo Akira, Takashi Fujita and Fuyuhiko Inagaki

    Nat Struct Biol, 10 (11), 922-927, 2003.
56. TRAM is specifically involved in the Toll-like receptor 4-mediated MyD88-independent signaling pathway.

    Masahiro Yamamoto, Shintaro Sato, Hiroaki Hemmi, Satoshi Uematsu, Katsuaki Hoshino, Tsuneyasu Kaisho, Osamu Takeuchi, Kiyoshi Takeda and Shizuo Akira

    Nat Immunol, 4 (11), 1144-1150, 2003.
57. The Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-specific stimulus loxoribine uncovers a strong relationship within the TLR7, 8 and 9 subfamily.

    Florian Heil, Parviz Ahmad-Nejad, Hiroaki Hemmi, Hubertus Hochrein, Franziska Ampenberger, Tanja Gellert, Harald Dietrich, Grayson Lipford, Kiyoshi Takeda, Shizuo Akira, Hermann Wagner and Stefan Bauer

    Eur J Immunol, 33 (11), 2987-2997, 2003.
58. Antigenic epitopes fused to cationic peptide bound to oligonucleotides facilitate Toll-like receptor 9-dependent, but CD4+ T cell help-independent, priming of CD8+ T cells.

    Reinhold Schirmbeck, Petra Riedl, Rinaldo Zurbriggen, Shizuo Akira and Jörg Reimann

    J Immunol, 171 (10), 5198-5207, 2003.
59. Toll-like receptors and their signaling mechanisms.

    Shizuo Akira and Shintaro Sato

    Scand J Infect Dis, 35 (9), 555-562, 2003.
60. IL-1R-associated kinase 4 is required for lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of APC.

    Nobutaka Suzuki, Shinobu Suzuki, Urs Eriksson, Hiromitsu Hara, Christine Mirtosis, Nien-Jung Chen, Teiji Wada, Denis Bouchard, Irene Hwang, Kiyoshi Takeda, Takashi Fujita, Sandy Der, Josef M Penninger, Shizuo Akira, Takashi Saito and Wen-Chen Yeh

    J Immunol, 171 (11), 6065-6071, 2003.
61. Toll-like receptor 2 pathway drives streptococcal cell wall-induced joint inflammation: critical role of myeloid differentiation factor 88.

    Leo A B Joosten, Marije I Koenders, Ruben L Smeets, Marleen Heuvelmans-Jacobs, Monique M A Helsen, Kiyoshi Takeda, Shizuo Akira, Erik Lubberts, Fons A J van de Loo and Wim B van den Berg

    J Immunol, 171 (11), 6145-6153, 2003.
62. Aberrant inflammation and lethality to septic peritonitis in mice lacking STAT3 in macrophages and neutrophils.

    Akihiro Matsukawa, Kiyoshi Takeda, Shinji Kudo, Takako Maeda, Motoko Kagayama and Shizuo Akira

    J Immunol, 171 (11), 6198-6205, 2003.
63. Normal development of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue except Peyer's patch in MyD88-deficient mice.

    R Iiyama, T Kanai, K Uraushihara, T Ishikura, S Makita, T Totsuka, M Yamazaki, T Nakamura, T Miyata, H Yoshida, O Takeuchi, K Hoshino, K Takeda, H Ishikawa, S Akira and M Watanabe

    Scand J Immunol, 58 (6), 620-627, 2003.
64. Mycobacterial infection in MyD88-deficient mice.

    Isamu Sugawara, Hiroyuki Yamada, Satoru Mizuno, Kiyoshi Takeda and Shizuo Akira

    Microbiol Immunol, 47 (11), 841-847, 2003.
65. Toll-like receptor-2 modulates ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction.

    Tetsuro Shishido, Naoki Nozaki, Seiji Yamaguchi, Yoko Shibata, Joji Nitobe, Takuya Miyamoto, Hiroki Takahashi, Takanori Arimoto, Kunihiko Maeda, Mitsunori Yamakawa, Osamu Takeuchi, Shizuo Akira, Yasuchika Takeishi and Isao Kubota

    Circulation, 108 (23), 2905-2910, 2003.
66. Sequential MyD88-independent and -dependent activation of innate immune responses to intracellular bacterial infection.

    Natalya V Serbina, William Kuziel, Richard Flavell, Shizuo Akira, Barrett Rollins and Eric G Pamer

    Immunity, 19 (6), 891-901, 2003.
67. Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 activation of NF-kappaB through IRAK1 and TRAF6.

    Micah Luftig, Efthimios Prinarakis, Teruhito Yasui, Theodore Tsichritzis, Ellen Cahir-McFarland, Jun-Ichiro Inoue, Hiroyasu Nakano, Tak Wah Mak, Wen-Chen Yeh, Xiaoxia Li, Shizuo Akira, Nobutaka Suzuki, Shinobu Suzuki, George Mosialos and Elliott Kieff

    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 100 (26), 15595-15600, 2003.
68. Regulation of dendritic cell function through toll-like receptors.

    Tsuneyasu Kaisho and Shizuo Akira

    Curr Mol Med, 3 (8), 759-771, 2003.

Link

http://www.biken.osaka-u.ac.jp/