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758. Matsushita K*, Takeuchi O*, Standley DM, Kumagai Y, Kawagoe T, Miyake T, Satoh T, Kato H, Tsujimura T, Nakamura H, Akira S. Zc3h12a is an RNase essential for controlling immune responses by regulating mRNA decay. Nature. 2009 Mar 25. [Epub ahead of print] (*contributed equally)

757. Tsuchiya M, Piras V, Choi S, Akira S, Tomita M, Giuliani A, Selvarajoo K. Emergent genome-wide control in wildtype and genetically mutated lipopolysaccarides-stimulated macrophages. PLoS ONE. 2009;4(3):e4905. Epub 2009 Mar 20.

756. Richter C, Juan MH, Will J, Brandes RP, Kalinke U, Akira S, Pfeilschifter JM, Hultqvist M, Holmdahl R, Radeke HH. Ncf1 provides a reactive oxygen species-independent negative feedback regulation of TLR9-induced IL-12p70 in murine dendritic cells. J Immunol. 2009 Apr 1;182(7):4183-91.

755. Kumagai Y, Kumar H, Koyama S, Kawai T, Takeuchi O, Akira S. Cutting Edge: TLR-Dependent viral recognition along with type I IFN positive feedback signaling masks the requirement of viral replication for IFN-{alpha} production in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. J Immunol. 2009 Apr 1;182(7):3960-4.

754. Li L, Tanaka T, Yukawa K, Akira S, Umesaki N. Irinotecan-induced ovarian follicular apoptosis is attenuated by deleting the kinase domain of death-associated protein kinase. Int J Oncol. 2009 Apr;34(4):905-14.

753. Kobayashi T, Kim TS, Jacob A, Walsh MC, Kadono Y, Fuentes-Panana E, Yoshioka T, Yoshimura A, Yamamoto M, Kaisho T, Akira S, Monroe JG, Choi Y. TRAF6 Is Required for Generation of the B-1a B Cell Compartment as well as T Cell-Dependent and -Independent Humoral Immune Responses. PLoS ONE. 2009;4(3):e4736. Epub 2009 Mar 9.

752. Matsunaga K, Saitoh T, Tabata K, Omori H, Satoh T, Maejima I, Shirahama-Noda K, Ichimura T, Isobe T, Akira S, Noda T, Yoshimori T. Two Beclin 1-binding proteins, Atg14L and Rubicon, reciprocally regulate autophagy at different stages. Nat Cell Biol. 2009 Mar 8. [Epub ahead of print]

751. Kawai T, Akira S. The roles of TLRs, RLRs and NLRs in pathogen recognition. Int Immunol. 2009 Feb 26. [Epub ahead of print]

750. Allard JB, Rinaldi L, Wargo MJ, Allen G, Akira S, Uematsu S, Poynter ME, Hogan DA, Rincon M, Whittaker LA. Th2 allergic immune response to inhaled fungal antigens is modulated by TLR-4-independent bacterial products. Eur J Immunol. 2009 Feb 17. [Epub ahead of print]

749. van Zoelen MA, Yang H, Florquin S, Meijers JC, Akira S, Arnold B, Nawroth PP, Bierhaus A, Tracey KJ, Poll T. Role of toll-like receptors 2 and 4, and the receptor for advanced glycation end products in high-mobility group box 1-induced inflammation in vivo. Shock. 2009 Mar;31(3):280-4.

748. Kim JH, Kim SJ, Lee IS, Lee MS, Uematsu S, Akira S, Oh KI. Bacterial endotoxin induces the release of high mobility group box 1 via the IFN-beta signaling pathway. J Immunol. 2009 Feb 15;182(4):2458-66.

747. Pejnovic N, Vratimos A, Lee SH, Popadic D, Takeda K, Akira S, Chan WL. Increased atherosclerotic lesions and Th17 in interleukin-18 deficient apolipoprotein E-knockout mice fed high-fat diet. Mol Immunol. 2009 Feb 6. [Epub ahead of print]

746. Jose P, Avdiushko MG, Akira S, Kaplan AM, Cohen DA. Inhibition of interleukin-10 signaling in lung dendritic cells by toll-like receptor 4 ligands. Exp Lung Res. 2009 Feb;35(1):1-28.

745. Roger T, Froidevaux C, Le Roy D, Reymond MK, Chanson AL, Mauri D, Burns K, Riederer BM, Akira S, Calandra T. Protection from lethal gram-negative bacterial sepsis by targeting Toll-like receptor 4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Feb 17;106(7):2348-52. Epub 2009 Jan 30.

744. Puliti M, Uematsu S, Akira S, Bistoni F, Tissi L. Toll-like receptor 2 deficiency is associated with enhanced severity of group B streptococcal disease. Infect Immun. 2009 Jan 29. [Epub ahead of print]

743. Dessein R, Gironella M, Vignal C, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Sokol H, Secher T, Lacas-Gervais S, Gratadoux JJ, Lafont F, Dagorn JC, Ryffel B, Akira S, Langella P, Nunez G, Sirard JC, Iovanna J, Simonet M, Chamaillard M. TLR2 is critical for induction of REG3{beta} expression and intestinal clearance of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Gut. 2009 Jan 27. [Epub ahead of print]

742. Yamasaki S, Matsumoto M, Takeuchi O, Matsuzawa T, Ishikawa E, Sakuma M, Tateno H, Uno J, Hirabayashi J, Mikami Y, Takeda K, Akira S, Saito T. C-type lectin Mincle is an activating receptor for pathogenic fungus, Malassezia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Jan 26. [Epub ahead of print]

741. Lichtnekert J, Vielhauer V, Zecher D, Kulkarni OP, Clauss S, Segerer S, Hornung V, Mayadas TN, Beutler B, Akira S, Anders HJ. Dying cells activate mesangial cells via Tlr2/Myd88 rather than Tlr3/Trif in immune complex glomerulonephritis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2009 Jan 21. [Epub ahead of print]

740. Tsukamoto Y, Nagai Y, Kariyone A, Shibata T, Kaisho T, Akira S, Miyake K, Takatsu K. Toll-like receptor 7 cooperates with IL-4 in activated B cells through antigen receptor or CD38 and induces class switch recombination and IgG1 production. Mol Immunol. 2009 Jan 19. [Epub ahead of print

739. Kobiyama K, Takeshita F, Ishii KJ, Koyama S, Aoshi T, Akira S, Sakaue-Sawano A, Miyawaki A, Yamanaka Y, Hirano H, Suzuki K, Okuda K. A signaling polypeptide derived from an innate immune adaptor molecule can be harnessed as a new class of vaccine adjuvant. J Immunol. 2009 Feb 1;182(3):1593-601.

738. Huang H, Akira S, Santos MM. Is the iron donor lipocalin 2 implicated in the pathophysiology of hereditary hemochromatosis? Hepatology. 2008 Oct 24. [Epub ahead of print]

737. Sanders CJ, Franchi L, Yarovinsky F, Uematsu S, Akira S, Nunez G, Gewirtz AT. Induction of adaptive immunity by flagellin does not require robust activation of innate immunity. Eur J Immunol. 2009 Jan 16. [Epub ahead of print]

736. Kurokawa K, Lee H, Roh KB, Asanuma M, Kim YS, Nakyama H, Shiratsuchi A, Choi Y, Takeuchi O, Kang HJ, Dohmae N, Nakanishi Y, Akira S, Sekimizu K, Lee BL. The triacylated ATP binding cluster transporter substrate-binding lipoprotein of Staphylococcus aureus functions as a native ligand for the toll-like receptor 2. J Biol Chem. 2009 Jan 12. [Epub ahead of print]

735. Tokunaga F, Sakata SI, Saeki Y, Satomi Y, Kirisako T, Kamei K, Nakagawa T, Kato M, Murata S, Yamaoka S, Yamamoto M, Akira S, Takao T, Tanaka K, Iwai K. Involvement of linear polyubiquitylation of NEMO in NF-kappaB activation. Nat Cell Biol. 2009 Jan 11. [Epub ahead of print]

734. Tsuchida T, Kawai T, Akira S. Inhibition of IRF3-dependent antiviral responses by cellular and viral proteins. Cell Res. 2009 Jan;19(1):3-4.

733. Richez C, Yasuda K, Watkins AA, Akira S, Lafyatis R, van Seventer JM, Rifkin IR. TLR4 ligands induce IFN-alpha production by mouse conventional dendritic cells and human monocytes after IFN-beta priming. J Immunol. 2009 Jan 15;182(2):820-8.

732. Filipovich Y, Lu SJ, Akira S, Hirsch E. The adaptor protein MyD88 is essential for E coli-induced preterm delivery in mice. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Jan;200(1):93.e1-8.

731. Takeuchi O, Akira S. Innate immunity to virus infection. Immunol Rev. 2009 Jan;227(1):75-86.

730. Akira S. Innate immunity to pathogens: diversity in receptors for microbial recognition. Immunol Rev. 2009 Jan;227(1):5-8. No abstract available.

729. Amiel E, Alonso A, Uematsu S, Akira S, Poynter ME, Berwin B. Toll-like receptor regulation of scavenger receptor-A-mediated phagocytosis. J Leukoc Biol. 2008 Dec 26. [Epub ahead of print]

728. Abu-Dayyeh I, Shio MT, Sato S, Akira S, Cousineau B, Olivier M. Leishmania-Induced IRAK-1 Inactivation Is Mediated by SHP-1 Interacting with an Evolutionarily Conserved KTIM Motif. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2008;2(12):e305. Epub 2008 Dec 23.

727. Rasmussen SB, Jensen SB, Nielsen C, Quartin E, Kato H, Chen ZJ, Silverman RH, Akira S, Paludan SR. Herpes simplex virus infection is sensed by both Toll-like receptors and retinoic acid-inducible gene- like receptors, which synergize to induce type I interferon production. J Gen Virol. 2009 Jan;90(Pt 1):74-8.

726. Sheahan T, Morrison TE, Funkhouser W, Uematsu S, Akira S, Baric RS, Heise MT. MyD88 Is Required for Protection from Lethal Infection with a Mouse-Adapted SARS-CoV. PLoS Pathog. 2008 Dec;4(12):e1000240. Epub 2008 Dec 12.

725. Kawai T, Akira S. Toll-like Receptor and RIG-I-like Receptor Signaling. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008 Nov;1143:1-20.

724. Haga S, Ozaki M, Inoue H, Okamoto Y, Ogawa W, Takeda K, Akira S, Todo S. The survival pathways phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3-K)/phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1)/Akt modulate liver regeneration through hepatocyte size rather than proliferation. Hepatology. 2008 Aug 14. [Epub ahead of print]

723. Saiga H, Nishimura J, Kuwata H, Okuyama M, Matsumoto S, Sato S, Matsumoto M, Akira S, Yoshikai Y, Honda K, Yamamoto M, Takeda K. Lipocalin 2-dependent inhibition of mycobacterial growth in alveolar epithelium. J Immunol. 2008 Dec 15;181(12):8521-7

722. Lee PY, Kumagai Y, Li Y, Takeuchi O, Yoshida H, Weinstein J, Kellner ES, Nacionales D, Barker T, Kelly-Scumpia K, van Rooijen N, Kumar H, Kawai T, Satoh M, Akira S, Reeves WH. TLR7-dependent and Fc{gamma}R-independent production of type I interferon in experimental mouse lupus.  J Exp Med. 2008 Dec 1. [Epub ahead of print]

721. Allam R, Pawar RD, Kulkarni OP, Hornung V, Hartmann G, Segerer S, Akira S, Endres S, Anders HJ. Viral 5'-triphosphate RNA and non-CpG DNA aggravate autoimmunity and lupus nephritis via distinct TLR-independent immune responses. Eur J Immunol. 2008 Nov 13. [Epub ahead of print]

720. Takeuchi O, Akira S. RIG-I-like antiviral protein in flies. Nat Immunol. 2008 Dec;9(12):1327-1328.

719. Waibler Z, Anzaghe M, Konur A, Akira S, Mller W, Kalinke U. Excessive CpG 1668 stimulation triggers IL-10 production by cDC that inhibits IFN-alpha responses by pDC. Eur J Immunol. 2008 Nov;38(11):3127-37.

718. Yoshida R, Takaesu G, Yoshida H, Okamoto F, Yoshioka T, Choi Y, Akira S, Kawai T, Yoshimura A, Kobayashi T. TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 6 and MEK kinase (MEKK) 1 play a pivotal role in the retinoic-acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like helicase antiviral pathway. J Biol Chem. 2008 Nov 4. [Epub ahead of print]

717. Poeck H, Besch R, Maihoefer C, Renn M, Tormo D, Morskaya SS, Kirschnek S, Gaffal E, Landsberg J, Hellmuth J, Schmidt A, Anz D, Bscheider M, Schwerd T, Berking C, Bourquin C, Kalinke U, Kremmer E, Kato H, Akira S, Meyers R, Hcker G, Neuenhahn M, Busch D, Ruland J, Rothenfusser S, Prinz M, Hornung V, Endres S, Tting T, Hartmann G. 5'-triphosphate-siRNA: turning gene silencing and Rig-I activation against melanoma. Nat Med. 2008 Nov 2. [Epub ahead of print]

716. Kawakami A, Osaka M, Aikawa M, Uematsu S, Akira S, Libby P, Shimokado K, Sacks FM, Yoshida M. Toll-Like 2 Receptor Mediates Apolipoprotein CIII-Induced Monocyte Activation. Circ Res. 2008 Oct 30. [Epub ahead of print]

715. Selvarajoo K, Takada Y, Gohda J, Helmy M, Akira S, Tomita M, Tsuchiya M, Inoue J, Matsuo K. Signaling flux redistribution at toll-like receptor pathway junctions. PLoS ONE. 2008;3(10):e3430.

714. Saitoh T, Fujita N, Jang MH, Uematsu S, Yang BG, Satoh T, Omori H, Noda T, Yamamoto N, Komatsu M, Tanaka K, Kawai T, Tsujimura T, Takeuchi O, Yoshimori T, Akira S. Loss of the autophagy protein Atg16L1 enhances endotoxin-induced IL-1beta production. Nature. 2008 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print]

713. Zhu Q, Egelston C, Vivekanandhan A, Uematsu S, Akira S, Klinman DM, Belyakov IM, Berzofsky JA. Toll-like receptor ligands synergize through distinct dendritic cell pathways to induce T cell responses: Implications for vaccines. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Oct 9. [Epub ahead of print]

712. Tominaga H, Maeda S, Hayashi M, Takeda S, Akira S, Komiya S, Nakamura T, Akiyama H, Imamura T. CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein {beta} Promotes Osteoblast Differentiation by Enhancing Runx2 Activity with ATF4. Mol Biol Cell. 2008 Oct 8. [Epub ahead of print]

711. Yamazaki S, Matsuo S, Muta T, Yamamoto M, Akira S, Takeshige K. Gene-specific requirement of a nuclear protein, Ikappa B-zeta , for promoter association of inflammatory transcription regulators. J Biol Chem. 2008 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of print]

710. Hiratsuka S, Watanabe A, Sakurai Y, Akashi-Takamura S, Ishibashi S, Miyake K, Shibuya M, Akira S, Aburatani H, Maru Y. The S100A8-serum amyloid A3-TLR4 paracrine cascade establishes a pre-metastatic phase. Nat Cell Biol. 2008 Sep 28. [Epub ahead of print]

709. Kariko K, Muramatsu H, Welsh FA, Ludwig J, Kato H, Akira S, Weissman D. Incorporation of Pseudouridine Into mRNA Yields Superior Nonimmunogenic Vector With Increased Translational Capacity and Biological Stability. Mol Ther. 2008 Sep 16. [Epub ahead of print]

708. Koyama S, Ishii KJ, Coban C, Akira S. Innate immune response to viral infection. Cytokine. 2008 Aug 9. [Epub ahead of print]

707. Huen MS, Huang J, Yuan J, Yamamoto M, Akira S, Ashley C, Xiao W, Chen J. Non-canonical E2 variant-independent function of UBC13 in promoting checkpoint protein assembly. Mol Cell Biol. 2008 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print]

706. van Zoelen MA, Yang H, Florquin S, Meijers JC, Akira S, Arnold B, Nawroth PP, Bierhaus A, Tracey KJ, van der Poll T. ROLE OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS 2 AND 4, AND THE RECEPTOR FOR ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCTS (RAGE) IN HMGB1 INDUCED INFLAMMATION IN VIVO. Shock. 2008 Jul 24. [Epub ahead of print]

705. Leng X, Lin H, Ding T, Wang Y, Wu Y, Klumpp S, Sun T, Zhou Y, Monaco P, Belmont J, Aderem A, Akira S, Strong R, Arlinghaus R. Lipocalin 2 is required for BCR-ABL-induced tumorigenesis. Oncogene. 2008 Jul 28. [Epub ahead of print]

704. Ishii KJ, Akira S. Potential link between the immune system and metabolism of nucleic acids. Curr Opin Immunol. 2008 Jul 25. [Epub ahead of print]

703. Nakamura J, Fujimoto M, Yasuda K, Takeda K, Akira S, Hatayama T, Takagi Y, Nozaki K, Hosokawa N, Nagata K. Targeted Disruption of Hsp110/105 Gene Protects Against Ischemic Stress. Stroke. 2008 Jul 24. [Epub ahead of print]

702. Nakamura K, Miyazato A, Koguchi Y, Adachi Y, Ohno N, Saijo S, Iwakura Y, Takeda K, Akira S, Fujita J, Ishii K, Kaku M, Kawakami K. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and dectin-1 contribute to the production of IL-12p40 by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells infected with Penicillium marneffei. Microbes Infect. 2008 Jul 3. [Epub ahead of print]

701. Kumagai Y, Takeuchi O, Akira S.Pathogen recognition by innate receptors. J Infect Chemother. 2008 Apr;14(2):86-92. Epub 2008 Apr 30.

700. Taylor PA, Ehrhardt MJ, Lees CJ, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Krieg AM, Sharpe AH, Murphy WJ, Serody JS, Hemmi H, Akira S, Levy RB, Blazar BR. TLR agonists regulate alloresponses and uncover a critical role for donor APCs in allogeneic bone marrow rejection. Blood. 2008 Jul 9. [Epub ahead of print]

699. Herrmann JE, Imura T, Song B, Qi J, Ao Y, Nguyen TK, Korsak RA, Takeda K, Akira S, Sofroniew MV. STAT3 is a critical regulator of astrogliosis and scar formation after spinal cord injury. J Neurosci. 2008 Jul 9;28(28):7231-43.

698. Santiago-Raber ML, Kikuchi S, Borel P, Uematsu S, Akira S, Kotzin BL, Izui S. Evidence for genes in addition to tlr7 in the yaa translocation linked with acceleration of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Immunol. 2008 Jul 15;181(2):1556-62.

697. Kajino-Sakamoto R, Inagaki M, Lippert E, Akira S, Robine S, Matsumoto K, Jobin C, Ninomiya-Tsuji J. Enterocyte-Derived TAK1 Signaling Prevents Epithelium Apoptosis and the Development of Ileitis and Colitis. J Immunol. 2008 Jul 15;181(2):1143-52.

696. Kato H, Takeuchi O, Mikamo-Satoh E, Hirai R, Kawai T, Matsushita K, Hiiragi A, Dermody TS, Fujita T, Akira S. Length-dependent recognition of double-stranded ribonucleic acids by retinoic acid-inducible gene-I and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5. J Exp Med. 2008 Jun 30. [Epub ahead of print]

695. Tang M, Wei X, Guo Y, Breslin P, Zhang S, Zhang S, Wei W, Xia Z, Diaz M, Akira S, Zhang J. TAK1 is required for the survival of hematopoietic cells and hepatocytes in mice. J Exp Med. 2008 Jun 23. [Epub ahead of print]

694. Ishii KJ, Koyama S, Nakagawa A, Coban C, Akira S. Host innate immune receptors and beyond: making sense of microbial infections. Cell Host Microbe. 2008 Jun 12;3(6):352-63

693. Coban C, Koyama S, Takeshita F, Akira S, Ishii KJ. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of DNA vaccines. Hum Vaccin. 2008 Apr 28;4(6). [Epub ahead of print]

692. Uematsu S, Fujimoto K, Jang MH, Yang BG, Jung YJ, Nishiyama M, Sato S, Tsujimura T, Yamamoto M, Yokota Y, Kiyono H, Miyasaka M, Ishii KJ, Akira S. Regulation of humoral and cellular gut immunity by lamina propria dendritic cells expressing Toll-like receptor 5. Nat Immunol. 2008 May 30. [Epub ahead of print]

691. Ohbayashi N, Okada K, Kawakami S, Togi S, Sato N, Ikeda O, Kamitani S, Muromoto R, Sekine Y, Kawai T, Akira S, Matsuda T. Physical and functional interactions between ZIP kinase and UbcH5. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 May 29. [Epub ahead of print]

690. Kobayashi T, Takahashi K, Nagai Y, Shibata T, Otani M, Izui S, Akira S, Gotoh Y, Kiyono H, Miyake K. Tonic B cell activation by Radioprotective105/MD-1 promotes disease progression in MRL/lpr mice. Int Immunol. 2008 May 19. [Epub ahead of print]

689. Elander N, Ungerb?ck J, Olsson H, Uematsu S, Akira S, S?derkvist P. Genetic deletion of mPGES-1 accelerates intestinal tumorigenesis in APC(Min/+) mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 May 14. [Epub ahead of print]

688. Gratz N, Siller M, Schaljo B, Pirzada ZA, Gattermeier I, Vojtek I, Kirschning CJ, Wagner H, Akira S, Charpentier E, Kovarik P. Group A Streptococcus activates type I interferon production and MYD88-dependent signalling without involvement of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9. J Biol Chem. 2008 May 14. [Epub ahead of print]

687. Koga T, Endo H, Miyamoto Y, Mukai M, Akira S, Inoue M. IGFBPs contribute to survival of pancreatic cancer cells under severely hypoxic conditions. Cancer Lett. 2008 May 6. [Epub ahead of print]

686. Ueta M, Hamuro J, Ueda E, Katoh N, Yamamoto M, Takeda K, Akira S, Kinoshita S. Stat6-independent tissue inflammation occurs selectively on the ocular surface and perioral skin of I{kappa}B{zeta}-/- mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008 Apr 25; [Epub ahead of print]

685. Kawagoe T, Sato S, Matsushita K, Kato H, Matsui K, Kumagai Y, Saitoh T, Kawai T, Takeuchi O, Akira S. Sequential control of Toll-like receptor-dependent responses by IRAK1 and IRAK2. Nat Immunol. 2008 Apr 27; [Epub ahead of print]

684. Takeda K, Akira S. Toll-like receptors. Curr Protoc Immunol. 2007 May;Chapter 14:Unit 14.12

683. Zucchini N, Bessou G, Traub S, Robbins SH, Uematsu S, Akira S, Alexopoulou L, Dalod M. Cutting Edge: Overlapping Functions of TLR7 and TLR9 for Innate Defense against a Herpesvirus Infection. J Immunol. 2008 May 1;180(9):5799-5803.

682. Imai Y, Kuba K, Neely GG, Yaghubian-Malhami R, Perkmann T, van Loo G, Ermolaeva M, Veldhuizen R, Leung YH, Wang H, Liu H, Sun Y, Pasparakis M, Kopf M, Mech C, Bavari S, Peiris JS, Slutsky AS, Akira S, Hultqvist M, Holmdahl R, Nicholls J, Jiang C, Binder CJ, Penninger JM. Identification of oxidative stress and Toll-like receptor 4 signaling as a key pathway of acute lung injury. Cell. 2008 Apr 18;133(2):235-49

681. Gong L, Yao F, Hockman K, Heng HH, Morton GJ, Takeda K, Akira S, Low MJ, Rubinstein M, Mackenzie RG. Stat3 is required in hypothalamic Agrp/Npy neurons for normal energy homeostasis. Endocrinology. 2008 Apr 10; [Epub ahead of print]

680. Samuelsson C, Hausmann J, Lauterbach H, Schmidt M, Akira S, Wagner H, Chaplin P, Suter M, O'Keeffe M, Hochrein H. Survival of lethal poxvirus infection in mice depends on TLR9, and therapeutic vaccination provides protection. J Clin Invest. 2008 Apr 8; [Epub ahead of print]

679. Savarese E, Steinberg C, Pawar RD, Reindl W, Akira S, Anders HJ, Krug A. Requirement of toll-like receptor 7 for pristane-induced production of autoantibodies and development of murine lupus nephritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Mar 27;58(4):1107-1115 [Epub ahead of print]

678. Shin OS, Isberg R, Akira S, Uematsu S, Behera AK, Hu LT. Distinct roles for MyD88, TLR2, TLR5, and TLR9 in phagocytosis of Borrelia burgdorferi and inflammatory signaling. Infect Immun. 2008 Mar 31; [Epub ahead of print]

677. Hirata N, Yanagawa Y, Ebihara T, Seya T, Uematsu S, Akira S, Hayashi F, Iwabuchi K, Ono? K. Selective synergy in anti-inflammatory cytokine production upon cooperated signaling via TLR4 and TLR2 in murine conventional dendritic cells. Mol Immunol. 2008 Mar 25; [Epub ahead of print]

676. Obata K, Katsura H, Miyoshi K, Kondo T, Yamanaka H, Kobayashi K, Dai Y, Fukuoka T, Akira S, Noguchi K. Toll-like receptor 3 contributes to spinal glial activation and tactile allodynia after nerve injury. J Neurochem. 2008 Mar 16; [Epub ahead of print]

675. Nakamura K, Miyazato A, Xiao G, Hatta M, Inden K, Aoyagi T, Shiratori K, Takeda K, Akira S, Saijo S, Iwakura Y, Adachi Y, Ohno N, Suzuki K, Fujita J, Kaku M, Kawakami K. Deoxynucleic Acids from Cryptococcus neoformans Activate Myeloid Dendritic Cells via a TLR9-Dependent Pathway. J Immunol. 2008 Mar 15;180(6):4067-74.

674. Nishimura J, Saiga H, Sato S, Okuyama M, Kayama H, Kuwata H, Matsumoto S, Nishida T, Sawa Y, Akira S, Yoshikai Y, Yamamoto M, Takeda K. Potent antimycobacterial activity of mouse secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor. J Immunol. 2008 Mar 15;180(6):4032-9.

673. Kagan JC, Su T, Horng T, Chow A, Akira S, Medzhitov R. TRAM couples endocytosis of Toll-like receptor 4 to the induction of interferon-beta. Nat Immunol. 2008 Feb 24; [Epub ahead of print]

672. Takeuchi O, Akira S. MDA5/RIG-I and virus recognition. Curr Opin Immunol. 2008 Feb 11;20(1):17-22 [Epub ahead of print]

671. Kumagai Y, Takeuchi O, Akira S. TLR9 as a key receptor for the recognition of DNA. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2008 Jan 3; [Epub ahead of print]

670. Ishii KJ, Kawagoe T, Koyama S, Matsui K, Kumar H, Kawai T, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O, Takeshita F, Coban C, Akira S. TANK-binding kinase-1 delineates innate and adaptive immune responses to DNA vaccines. Nature. 2008 Feb 7;451(7179):725-729.

669. Zhang B, Ramesh G, Uematsu S, Akira S, Reeves WB. TLR4 Signaling Mediates Inflammation and Tissue Injury in Nephrotoxicity. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 Feb 6; [Epub ahead of print]

668. Hisaeda H, Tetsutani K, Imai T, Moriya C, Tu L, Hamano S, Duan X, Chou B, Ishida H, Aramaki A, Shen J, Ishii KJ, Coban C, Akira S, Takeda K, Yasutomo K, Torii M, Himeno K. Malaria Parasites Require TLR9 Signaling for Immune Evasion by Activating Regulatory T Cells. J Immunol. 2008 Feb 15;180(4):2496-503.

667. Nakano Y, Kuroda E, Kito T, Uematsu S, Akira S, Yokota A, Nishizawa S, Yamashita U. Induction of prostaglandin E(2) synthesis and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 expression in murine microglia by glioma-derived soluble factors. J Neurosurg. 2008 Feb;108(2):311-319.

666. Bhattacharjee RN, Park KS, Chen X, Iida T, Honda T, Takeuchi O, Akira S. Translocation of VP1686 Upregulates RhoB and Accelerates Phagocytic Activity of Macrophage Through Actin Remodeling. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2008 Jan;18(1):171-5.

665. Foster GL, Barr TA, Grant AJ, McKinley TJ, Bryant CE, Macdonald A, Gray D, Yamamoto M, Akira S, Maskell DJ, Mastroeni P. Virulent Salmonella enterica infections can be exacerbated by concomitant infection of the host with a live attenuated S. enterica vaccine via Toll-like receptor 4-dependent interleukin-10 production with the involvement of both TRIF and MyD88. Immunology. 2008 Jan 24; [Epub ahead of print]

664. Chang SY, Cha HR, Uematsu S, Akira S, Igarashi O, Kiyono H, Kweon MN. Colonic patches direct the cross-talk between systemic compartments and large intestine independently of innate immunity. J Immunol. 2008 Feb 1;180(3):1609-18.

663. Vijay-Kumar M, Aitken JD, Kumar A, Neish AS, Uematsu S, Akira S, Gewirtz AT. TLR5KO mice have dysregulated intestinal gene expression and non-specific resistance to Salmonella-induced typhoid-like disease. Infect Immun. 2008 Jan 14; [Epub ahead of print]

662. Escors D, Lopes L, Lin R, Hiscott J, Akira S, Davis RJ, Collins MK. Targeting dendritic cell signalling to regulate the response to immunisation. Blood. 2008 Jan 7; [Epub ahead of print]

661. Kumar H, Koyama S, Ishii KJ, Kawai T, Akira S. Cooperation of IPS-1- and TRIF-Dependent Pathways in Poly IC-Enhanced Antibody Production and Cytotoxic T Cell Responses. J Immunol. 2008 Jan 15;180(2):683-7.

660. Swann JB, Vesely MD, Silva A, Sharkey J, Akira S, Schreiber RD, Smyth MJ. Demonstration of inflammation-induced cancer and cancer immunoediting during primary tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Jan 4; [Epub ahead of print]

659. Stenzel W, Soltek S, Sanchez-Ruiz M, Akira S, Miletic H, Schlter D, Deckert M. Both TLR2 and TLR4 Are Required for the Effective Immune Response in Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Experimental Murine Brain Abscess. Am J Pathol. 2007 Dec 28; [Epub ahead of print]

658. Yamakawa K, Kamekura S, Kawamura N, Saegusa M, Kamei D, Murakami M, Kudo I, Uematsu S, Akira S, Chung UI, Nakamura K, Kawaguchi H. Association of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 deficiency with impaired fracture healing, but not with bone loss or osteoarthritis, in mouse models of skeletal disorders. Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Dec 28;58(1):172-183 [Epub ahead of print]

657. Noor S, Goldfine H, Tucker DE, Suram S, Lenz LL, Akira S, Uematsu S, Girotti M, Bonventre JV, Breuel K, Williams DL, Leslie CC. Activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha in resident peritoneal macrophages by Listeria monocytogenes involves listeriolysin O and TLR2. J Biol Chem. 2007 Dec 14; [Epub ahead of print]

656. Uematsu S, Akira S. Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) and Their Ligands. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2008;183:1-20.

655. Goto A, Matsushita K, Gesellchen V, Chamy LE, Kuttenkeuler D, Takeuchi O, Hoffmann JA, Akira S, Boutros M, Reichhart JM. Akirins are highly conserved nuclear proteins required for NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression in drosophila and mice. Nat Immunol. 2007 Dec 9; [Epub ahead of print]

654. Abdollahi-Roodsaz S, Joosten LA, Koenders MI, Devesa I, Roelofs MF, Radstake TR, Heuvelmans-Jacobs M, Akira S, Nicklin MJ, Ribeiro-Dias F, van den Berg WB. Stimulation of TLR2 and TLR4 differentially skews the balance of T cells in a mouse model of arthritis. J Clin Invest. 2007 Dec 3; [Epub ahead of print]

653. Akagi T, Saitoh T, O'Kelly J, Akira S, Gombart AF, Koeffler HP. Impaired response to GM-CSF and G-CSF, and enhanced apoptosis in C/EBP{beta}-deficient hematopoietic cells. Blood. 2007 Dec 4; [Epub ahead of print]

652. Kawai T, Akira S. Signaling to NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptors. Trends Mol Med. 2007 Oct 26; [Epub ahead of print]

651. Yang CS, Shin DM, Lee HM, Son JW, Lee SJ, Akira S, Gougerot-Pocidalo MA, El-Benna J, Ichijo H, Jo EK. ASK1-p38 MAPK-p47phox activation is essential for inflammatory responses during tuberculosis via TLR2-ROS signalling. Cell Microbiol. 2007 Nov 19; [Epub ahead of print]

650. Wilson NS, Young LJ, Kupresanin F, Naik SH, Vremec D, Heath WR, Akira S, Shortman K, Boyle J, Maraskovsky E, Belz GT, Villadangos JA. Normal proportion and expression of maturation markers in migratory dendritic cells in the absence of germs or Toll-like receptor signaling. Immunol Cell Biol. 2007 Nov 20; [Epub ahead of print]

649. Vijay-Kumar M, Sanders CJ, Taylor RT, Kumar A, Aitken JD, Sitaraman SV, Neish AS, Uematsu S, Akira S, Williams IR, Gewirtz AT. Deletion of TLR5 results in spontaneous colitis in mice. J Clin Invest. 2007 Nov 15; [Epub ahead of print]

648. Gasse P, Mary C, Guenon I, Noulin N, Charron S, Schnyder-Candrian S, Schnyder B, Akira S, Quesniaux VF, Lagente V, Ryffel B, Couillin I. IL-1R1/MyD88 signaling and the inflammasome are essential in pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice. J Clin Invest. 2007 Nov 8; [Epub ahead of print]

647. Hawn TR, Berrington WR, Smith IA, Uematsu S, Akira S, Aderem A, Smith KD, Skerrett SJ. Altered Inflammatory Responses in TLR5-Deficient Mice Infected with Legionella pneumophila. J Immunol. 2007 Nov 15;179(10):6981-7.

646. Sugiyama T, Hoshino K, Saito M, Yano T, Sasaki I, Yamazaki C, Akira S, Kaisho T. Immunoadjuvant effects of polyadenylic:polyuridylic acids through TLR3 and TLR7. Int Immunol. 2007 Nov 1; [Epub ahead of print]

645. Takeuchi O, Akira S. Recognition of viruses by innate immunity. Immunol Rev. 2007 Dec;220(1):214-24.

644. Shembade N, Harhaj NS, Yamamoto M, Akira S, Harhaj EW. The HTLV-I Tax oncoprotein requires the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme Ubc13 for NF-{kappa}B activation. J Virol. 2007 Oct 17; [Epub ahead of print]

643. Loo YM, Fornek J, Crochet N, Bajwa G, Perwitasari O, Martinez-Sobrido L, Akira S, Gill MA, Garcia-Sastre A, Katze MG, Gale M Jr. DISTINCT RIG-I AND MDA5 SIGNALING BY RNA VIRUSES IN INNATE IMMUNITY. J Virol. 2007 Oct 17; [Epub ahead of print]

642. Jung A, Kato H, Kumagai Y, Kumar H, Kawai T, Takeuchi O, Akira S. Lymphocytoid choriomeningitis virus activates plasmacytoid dendritic cells and induces cytotoxic T cell response via MyD88. J Virol. 2007 Oct 17; [Epub ahead of print]

641. Uematsu S, Kaisho T, Tanaka T, Matsumoto M, Yamakami M, Omori H, Yamamoto M, Yoshimori T, Akira S. The C/EBPbeta Isoform 34-kDa LAP Is Responsible for NF-IL-6-Mediated Gene Induction in Activated Macrophages, but Is Not Essential for Intracellular Bacteria Killing. J Immunol. 2007 Oct 15;179(8):5378-86.

640. Beutler B, Eidenschenk C, Crozat K, Imler JL, Takeuchi O, Hoffmann JA, Akira S. Genetic analysis of resistance to viral infection. Nat Rev Immunol. 2007 Oct;7(10):753-66.

639. Ho LH, Ohno T, Oboki K, Kajiwara N, Suto H, Iikura M, Okayama Y, Akira S, Saito H, Galli SJ, Nakae S.    IL-33 induces IL-13 production by mouse mast cells independently of IgE-Fc{varepsilon}RI signals. J Leukoc Biol. 2007 Sep 19; [Epub ahead of print]

638. Koyama S, Ishii KJ, Kumar H, Tanimoto T, Coban C, Uematsu S, Kawai T, Akira S. Differential Role of TLR- and RLR-Signaling in the Immune Responses to Influenza A Virus Infection and Vaccination. J Immunol. 2007 Oct 1;179(7):4711-20.

637. Kang YJ, Kusler B, Otsuka M, Hughes M, Suzuki N, Suzuki S, Yeh WC, Akira S, Han J, Jones PP. Calcineurin Negatively Regulates TLR-Mediated Activation Pathways. J Immunol. 2007 Oct 1;179(7):4598-607.

636. 
Waibler Z, Anzaghe M, Ludwig H, Akira S, Weiss S, Sutter G, Kalinke U. Modified vaccinia virus Ankara induces Toll-like receptor independent type I interferon responses. J Virol. 2007 Sep 12; [Epub ahead of print]

635. Newman JP, Banerjee B, Fang W, Poonepalli A, Balakrishnan L, Low GK, Bhattacharjee RN, Akira S, Jayapal M, Melendez AJ, Baskar R, Lee HW, Hande MP. Short dysfunctional telomeres impair the repair of arsenite-induced oxidative damage in mouse cells. J Cell Physiol. 2007 Sep 11; [Epub ahead of print]

634. Biswas SK, Bist P, Dhillon MK, Kajiji T, Del Fresno C, Yamamoto M, Lopez-Collazo E, Akira S, Tergaonkar V.Role for MyD88-Independent, TRIF Pathway in Lipid A/TLR4-Induced Endotoxin Tolerance.J Immunol. 2007 Sep 15;179(6):4083-92.

633. Bhan U, Lukacs NW, Osterholzer JJ, Newstead MW, Zeng X, Moore TA, McMillan TR, Krieg AM, Akira S, Standiford TJ. TLR9 Is Required for Protective Innate Immunity in Gram-Negative Bacterial Pneumonia: Role of Dendritic Cells. J Immunol. 2007 Sep 15;179(6):3937-46.

632. Bevelander M, Mayette J, Whittaker LA, Paveglio SA, Jones CC, Robbins J, Hemenway D, Akira S, Uematsu S, Poynter ME. Nitrogen dioxide promotes allergic sensitization to inhaled antigen. J Immunol. 2007 Sep 15;179(6):3680-8.

631. Zhande R, Dauphinee SM, Thomas JA, Yamamoto M, Akira S, Karsan A.     FADD negatively regulates lipopolysaccharide signaling by impairing IRAK1-MyD88 interaction. Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Sep 4; [Epub ahead of print]

630. Yamamoto M, Uematsu S, Okamoto T, Matsuura Y, Sato S, Kumar H, Satoh T, Saitoh T, Takeda K, Ishii KJ, Takeuchi O, Kawai T, Akira S. Enhanced TLR-mediated NF-IL6 dependent gene expression by Trib1 deficiency. J Exp Med. 2007 Aug 27; [Epub ahead of print]

629. Kumagai Y, Takeuchi O, Kato H, Kumar H, Matsui K, Morii E, Aozasa K, Kawai T, Akira S. Alveolar Macrophages Are the Primary Interferon-alpha Producer in Pulmonary Infection with RNA Viruses. Immunity. 2007 Aug;27(2):240-52.

628. Tezuka H, Abe Y, Iwata M, Takeuchi H, Ishikawa H, Matsushita M, Shiohara T, Akira S, Ohteki T. Regulation of IgA production by naturally occurring TNF/iNOS-producing dendritic cells. Nature. 2007 Aug 23;448(7156):929-33.

627. Jounai N, Takeshita F, Kobiyama K, Sawano A, Miyawaki A, Xin KQ, Ishii KJ, Kawai T, Akira S, Suzuki K, Okuda K. The Atg5 Atg12 conjugate associates with innate antiviral immune responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Aug 20; [Epub ahead of print]

626. Kim HS, Han MS, Chung KW, Kim S, Kim E, Kim MJ, Jang E, Lee HA, Youn J, Akira S, Lee MS. Toll-like Receptor 2 Senses beta-Cell Death and Contributes to the Initiation of Autoimmune Diabetes. Immunity. 2007 Aug 14; [Epub ahead of print]

625. Sakamori R, Takehara T, Ohnishi C, Tatsumi T, Ohkawa K, Takeda K, Akira S, Hayashi N.Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling within hepatocytes attenuates systemic inflammatory response and lethality in septic mice. Hepatology. 2007 Aug 17; [Epub ahead of print]

624. Li J, Song W, Czerwinski DK, Varghese B, Uematsu S, Akira S, Krieg AM, Levy R. Lymphoma Immunotherapy with CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Requires TLR9 Either in the Host or in the Tumor Itself. J Immunol. 2007 Aug 15;179(4):2493-500.

623. Lang KS, Navarini AA, Recher M, Lang PA, Heikenwalder M, Stecher B, Bergthaler A, Odermatt B, Akira S, Honda K, Hengartner H, Zinkernagel RM. MyD88 protects from lethal encephalitis during infection with vesicular stomatitis virus. Eur J Immunol. 2007 Aug 2; [Epub ahead of print]

622. Han JH, Akira S, Calame K, Beutler B, Selsing E, Imanishi-Kari T. Class Switch Recombination and Somatic Hypermutation in Early Mouse B Cells Are Mediated by B Cell and Toll-like Receptors. Immunity. 2007 Jul 18; [Epub ahead of print]

621. Kuroda E, Noguchi J, Doi T, Uematsu S, Akira S, Yamashita U. IL-3 is an important differentiation factor for the development of prostaglandin E(2)-producing macrophages between C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Eur J Immunol. 2007 Jul 12; [Epub ahead of print]

620. Saha S, Takeshita F, Matsuda T, Jounai N, Kobiyama K, Matsumoto T, Sasaki S, Yoshida A, Xin KQ, Klinman DM, Uematsu S, Ishii KJ, Akira S, Okuda K. Blocking of the TLR5 Activation Domain Hampers Protective Potential of Flagellin DNA Vaccine. J Immunol. 2007 Jul 15;179(2):1147-54.

619. Puthalakath H, O'reilly LA, Gunn P, Lee L, Kelly PN, Huntington ND, Hughes PD, Michalak EM, McKimm-Breschkin J, Motoyama N, Gotoh T, Akira S, Bouillet P, Strasser A. ER Stress Triggers Apoptosis by Activating BH3-Only Protein Bim. Cell. 2007 Jun 29;129(7):1337-49.

618. Ikeda F, Hecker CM, Rozenknop A, Nordmeier RD, Rogov V, Hofmann K, Akira S, Dotsch V, Dikic I. Involvement of the ubiquitin-like domain of TBK1/IKK-i kinases in regulation of IFN-inducible genes. EMBO J. 2007 Jun 28; [Epub ahead of print]

617. Chen CJ, Kono H, Golenbock D, Reed G, Akira S, Rock KL. Identification of a key pathway required for the sterile inflammatory response triggered by dying cells. Nat Med. 2007 Jun 17; [Epub ahead of print]

616. Abe T, Kaname Y, Hamamoto I, Tsuda Y, Wen X, Taguwa S, Moriishi K, Takeuchi O, Kawai T, Kanto T, Hayashi N, Akira S , Matsuura Y. Hepatitis C Virus Nonstructural Protein 5A Modulates TLR-MyD88-Dependent Signaling Pathway in the Macrophage Cell Lines. J Virol. 2007 Jun 13; [Epub ahead of print]

615. Roberts ZJ, Goutagny N, Perera PY, Kato H, Kumar H, Kawai T, Akira S, Savan R, van Echo D, Fitzgerald KA, Young HA, Ching LM, Vogel SN. The chemotherapeutic agent DMXAA potently and specifically activates the TBK1-IRF-3 signaling axis. J Exp Med. 2007 Jun 11; [Epub ahead of print]

614. Kawai T, Akira S. SnapShot: Pattern-Recognition Receptors. Cell. 2007 Jun 1;129(5):1024.

613. Shimada N, Coban C, Takeda Y, Mizu M, Minari J, Anada T, Torii Y, Shinkai S, Akira S, Ishii KJ, Sakurai K. A Polysaccharide Carrier to Effectively Deliver Native Phosphodiester CpG DNA to Antigen-Presenting Cells. Bioconjug Chem. 2007 May 27; [Epub ahead of print]

612.  Bobacz K, Sunk IG, Hofstaetter JG, Amoyo L, Toma CD, Akira S, Weichhart T, Saemann M, Smolen JS. Toll-like receptors and chondrocytes: The lipopolysaccharide-induced decrease in cartilage matrix synthesis is dependent on the presence of toll-like receptor 4 and antagonized by bone morphogenetic protein 7. Arthritis Rheum. 2007 May 25;56(6):1880-1893 [Epub ahead of print]

611. Yasuda K, Richez C, Maciaszek JW, Agrawal N, Akira S, Marshak-Rothstein A, Rifkin IR. Murine Dendritic Cell Type I IFN Production Induced by Human IgG-RNA Immune Complexes Is IFN Regulatory Factor (IRF)5 and IRF7 Dependent and Is Required for IL-6 Production. J Immunol. 2007 Jun 1;178(11):6876-85.

610. Imanishi T, Hara H, Suzuki S, Suzuki N, Akira S, Saito T. Cutting Edge: TLR2 Directly Triggers Th1 Effector Functions. J Immunol. 2007 Jun 1;178(11):6715-9.

609. Shim DH, Chang SY, Park SM, Jang H, Carbis R, Czerkinsky C, Uematsu S, Akira S, Kweon MN. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy offered by a ribosomal-based vaccine from Shigella flexneri 2a. Vaccine. 2007 Apr 20; [Epub ahead of print]

608. Ramesh G, Zhang B, Uematsu S, Akira S, Reeves WB. Endotoxin and cisplatin synergistically induce renal dysfunction and cytokine production in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2007 May 9; [Epub ahead of print]

607. Cook P, Totemeyer S, Stevenson C, Fitzgerald KA, Yamamoto M, Akira S, Maskell DJ, Bryant CE. Salmonella-induced SipB-independent cell death requires Toll-like receptor-4 signalling via the adapter proteins Tram and Trif. Immunology. 2007 May 9; [Epub ahead of print]

606. Kawagoe T, Sato S, Jung A, Yamamoto M, Matsui K, Kato H, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O, Akira S . Essential role of IRAK-4 protein and its kinase activity in Toll-like receptor- mediated immune responses but not in TCR signaling. J Exp Med. 2007 May 7; [Epub ahead of print]

605. Coban C, Ishii KJ, Horii T, Akira S. Manipulation of host innate immune responses by the malaria parasite. Trends Microbiol. 2007 Apr 25; [Epub ahead of print]

604. Andersen-Nissen E, Hawn TR, Smith KD, Nachman A, Lampano AE, Uematsu S, Akira S, Aderem A. Cutting Edge: Tlr5-/- Mice Are More Susceptible to Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection. J Immunol. 2007 Apr 15;178(8):4717-20.

603. Gack MU, Shin YC, Joo CH, Urano T, Liang C, Sun L, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Chen Z, Inoue S, Jung JU. TRIM25 RING-finger E3 ubiquitin ligase is essential for RIG-I-mediated antiviral activity. Nature. 2007 Mar 28; [Epub ahead of print]

602. Ishii KJ, Akira S. Toll or Toll-Free Adjuvant Path Toward the Optimal Vaccine Development. J Clin Immunol. 2007 Mar 17; [Epub ahead of print]

601. Miggin SM, Palsson-McDermott E, Dunne A, Jefferies C, Pinteaux E, Banahan K, Murphy C, Moynagh P, Yamamoto M, Akira S, Rothwell N, Golenbock D, Fitzgerald KA, O'neill LA. NF-{kappa}B activation by the Toll-IL-1 receptor domain protein MyD88 adapter-like is regulated by caspase-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Feb 27;104(9):3372-7.

600. Kim D, Kim MA, Cho IH, Kim MS, Lee S, Jo EK, Choi SY, Park K, Kim JS, Akira S, Na HS, Oh SB, Lee SJ. A critical role of toll-like receptor 2 in nerve injury-induced spinal cord glial cell activation and pain hypersensitivity. J Biol Chem. 2007 Mar 13; [Epub ahead of print]

599. Obonyo M, Sabet M, Cole SP, Ebmeyer J, Uematsu S, Akira S, Guiney DG. Deficiencies of Myeloid differentiation factor 88, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, or TLR4 produce specific defects in macrophage cytokine secretion induced by Helicobacter pylori. Infect Immun. 2007 Mar 12; [Epub ahead of print]

598. Tao K, Fujii M, Tsukumo SI, Maekawa Y, Kishihara K, Kimoto Y, Horiuchi T, Hisaeda H, Akira S , Kagami S, Yasutomo K. Genetic variations of Toll-like receptor 9 predispose to systemic lupus erythematosus in Japanese population. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007 Mar 7; [Epub ahead of print]

597. Alugupalli KR, Akira S, Lien E, Leong JM. MyD88- and Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase-Mediated Signals Are Essential for T Cell-Independent Pathogen-Specific IgM Responses. J Immunol. 2007 Mar 15;178(6):3740-9.

596. Power MR, Li B, Yamamoto M, Akira S, Lin TJ. A Role of Toll-IL-1 Receptor Domain-Containing Adaptor-Inducing IFN-beta in the Host Response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection in Mice. J Immunol. 2007 Mar 1;178(5):3170-6.

595. Jeyaseelan S, Young SK, Fessler MB, Liu Y, Malcolm KC, Yamamoto M, Akira S, Worthen GS. Toll/IL-1 Receptor Domain-Containing Adaptor Inducing IFN-beta (TRIF)-Mediated Signaling Contributes to Innate Immune Responses in the Lung during Escherichia coli Pneumonia. J Immunol. 2007 Mar 1;178(5):3153-60.

594. Takeuchi O, Akira S. Signaling pathways activated by microorganisms. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2007 Feb 13; [Epub ahead of print]

593. Hamm S, Heit A, Koffler M, Huster KM, Akira S, Busch DH, Wagner H, Bauer S. Immunostimulatory RNA is a potent inducer of antigen-specific cytotoxic and humoral immune response in vivo. Int Immunol. 2007 Feb 7; [Epub ahead of print]

592. Sawaki J, Tsutsui H, Hayashi N, Yasuda K, Akira S, Tanizawa T, Nakanishi K. Type 1 cytokine/chemokine production by mouse NK cells following activation of their TLR/MyD88-mediated pathways. Int Immunol. 2007 Feb 7; [Epub ahead of print]

591.Heer AK, Shamshiev A, Donda A, Uematsu S, Akira S, Kopf M, Marsland BJ. TLR Signaling Fine-Tunes Anti-Influenza B Cell Responses without Regulating Effector T Cell Responses. J Immunol. 2007 Feb 15;178(4):2182-91.

590.Kawai T, Akira S. TLR signaling. Semin Immunol. 2007 Jan 31; [Epub ahead of print]

589.Busconi L, Lau CM, Tabor AS, Uccellini MB, Ruhe Z, Akira S, Viglianti GA, Rifkin IR, Marshak-Rothstein A. DNA and RNA autoantigens as autoadjuvants. J Endotoxin Res. 2006;12(6):379-84.

588.Samarasinghe R, Tailor P, Tamura T, Kaisho T, Akira S, Ozato K. Induction of an Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine, IL-10, in Dendritic Cells After Toll-like Receptor Signaling. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2006 Dec;26(12):893-900.

587. Qiao H, Sonoda KH, Ikeda Y, Yoshimura T, Hijioka K, Jo YJ, Sassa Y, Tsutsumi-Miyahara C, Hata Y, Akira S, Ishibashi T. Interleukin-18 regulates pathological intraocular neovascularization. J Leukoc Biol. 2007 Jan 18; [Epub ahead of print]

586. Onoguchi K, Yoneyama M, Takemura A, Akira S, Taniguchi T, Namiki H, Fujita T. Virus infections activate type I and type III interferon genes through a common mechanism. J Biol Chem. 2007 Jan 4; [Epub ahead of print]

585. Yao J, Kim T, Qin J, Jiang Z, Qian Y, Xiao H, Lu Y, Wen Q, Gulen MF, Sizemore N, Didonato J, Sato S, Akira S, Su B, Li X. IL-1-induced TAK1- versus MEKK3-dependent NFkB activation pathways bifurcate at IRAK modification. J Biol Chem. 2006 Dec 29; [Epub ahead of print]

584.Saito T, Hirai R, Loo YM, Owen D, Johnson CL, Sinha SC, Akira S, Fujita T, Gale M Jr. Regulation of innate antiviral defenses through a shared repressor domain in RIG-I and LGP2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Dec 26; [Epub ahead of print]

583. Kawai T, Akira S. Antiviral signaling through pattern recognition receptors. J Biochem (Tokyo). 2006 Dec 26; [Epub ahead of print]

582. Harada M, Magara-Koyanagi K, Watarai H, Nagata Y, Ishii Y, Kojo S, Horiguchi S, Okamoto Y, Nakayama T, Suzuki N, Yeh WC, Akira S, Kitamura H, Ohara O, Seino KI, Taniguchi M. IL-21-induced B{varepsilon} cell apoptosis mediated by natural killer T cells suppresses IgE responses. J Exp Med. 2006 Dec 18; [Epub ahead of print]

581. Choo MK, Kawasaki N, Singhirunnusorn P, Koizumi K, Sato S, Akira S, Saiki I, Sakurai H. Blockade of transforming growth factor-{beta}-activated kinase 1 activity enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis through activation of a caspase cascade. Mol Cancer Ther. 2006 Dec;5(12):2970-6.

580. Dessing MC, van der Sluijs KF, Florquin S, Akira S, van der Poll T.  Toll-like Receptor2 Does Not Contribute to Host Response During Postinfluenza Pneumococcal Pneumonia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2006 Dec 14; [Epub ahead of print]

579. Saijo S, Fujikado N, Furuta T, Chung SH, Kotaki H, Seki K, Sudo K, Akira S, Adachi Y, Ohno N, Kinjo T, Nakamura K, Kawakami K, Iwakura Y. Dectin-1 is required for host defense against Pneumocystis carinii but not against Candida albicans. Nat Immunol. 2006 Dec 10; [Epub ahead of print]

578. Coban C, Ishii KJ, Uematsu S, Arisue N, Sato S, Yamamoto M, Kawai T, Takeuchi O, Hisaeda H, Horii T, Akira S. Pathological role of Toll-like receptor signaling in cerebral malaria. Int Immunol. 2006 Nov 29; [Epub ahead of print]

577. Boonstra A, Rajsbaum R, Holman M, Marques R, Asselin-Paturel C, Pereira JP, Bates EE, Akira S, Vieira P, Liu YJ, Trinchieri G, O'garra A. Macrophages and Myeloid Dendritic Cells, but Not Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells, Produce IL-10 in Response to MyD88- and TRIF-Dependent TLR Signals, and TLR-Independent Signals. J Immunol. 2006 Dec 1;177(11):7551-8.

576. Yamamoto M, Sato S, Saitoh T, Sakurai H, Uematsu S, Kawai T, Ishii KJ, Takeuchi O, Akira S. Cutting Edge: Pivotal Function of Ubc13 in Thymocyte TCR Signaling. J Immunol. 2006 Dec 1;177(11):7520-4.

575. Diebold SS, Massacrier C, Akira S, Paturel C, Morel Y, Reis E Sousa C. Nucleic acid agonists for Toll-like receptor 7 are defined by the presence of uridine ribonucleotides. Eur J Immunol. 2006 Dec;36(12):3256-67.

574. Ishii KJ, Uematsu S, Akira S. 'Toll' gates for future immunotherapy. Curr Pharm Des. 2006;12(32):4135-42.

573. Sato K, Suematsu A, Okamoto K, Yamaguchi A, Morishita Y, Kadono Y, Tanaka S, Kodama T, Akira S, Iwakura Y, Cua DJ, Takayanagi H. Th17 functions as an osteoclastogenic helper T cell subset that links T cell activation and bone destruction. J Exp Med. 2006 Nov 6; [Epub ahead of print]

572. Koga R, Hamano S, Kuwata H, Atarashi K, Ogawa M, Hisaeda H, Yamamoto M, Akira S, Himeno K, Matsumoto M, Takeda K. TLR-Dependent Induction of IFN-beta Mediates Host Defense against Trypanosoma cruzi. J Immunol. 2006 Nov 15;177(10):7059-66.

571. Matsui K, Kumagai Y, Kato H, Sato S, Kawagoe T, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O, Akira S. Cutting edge: Role of TANK-binding kinase 1 and inducible IkappaB kinase in IFN responses against viruses in innate immune cells. J Immunol. 2006 Nov 1;177(9):5785-9.

570. Akira S. TLR signaling. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2006;311:1-16.

569. Hornung V, Ellegast J, Kim S, Brzozka K, Jung A, Kato H, Poeck H, Akira S, Conzelmann KK, Schlee M, Endres S, Hartmann G. 5'-Triphosphate RNA Is the Ligand for RIG-I. Science. 2006 Oct 12; [Epub ahead of print]

568. Furuta T, Kikuchi T, Akira S, Watanabe N, Yoshikawa Y. Roles of the small intestine for induction of toll-like receptor 4-mediated innate resistance in naturally acquired murine toxoplasmosis. Int Immunol. 2006 Oct 11; [Epub ahead of print]

567. Power MR, Marshall JS, Yamamoto M, Akira S, Lin TJ. The myeloid differentiation factor 88 is dispensable for the development of a delayed host response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice. Clin Exp Immunol. 2006 Nov;146(2):323-9.

566. Bolz DD, Sundsbak RS, Ma Y, Akira S, Weis JH, Schwan TG, Weis JJ. Dual Role of MyD88 in Rapid Clearance of Relapsing Fever Borrelia. Infect Immun. 2006 Oct 9; [Epub ahead of print]

565. Albiger B, Dahlberg S, Sandgren A, Wartha F, Beiter K, Katsuragi H, Akira S, Normark S, Henriques-Normark B. Toll-like receptor 9 acts at an early stage in host defence against pneumococcal infection. Cell Microbiol. 2006 Sep 27; [Epub ahead of print]

564. Cervantes-Barragan L, Zust R, Weber F, Spiegel M, Lang KS, Akira S, Thiel V, Ludewig B. Control of coronavirus infection through plasmacytoid dendritic cell-derived type I interferon. Blood. 2006 Sep 19; [Epub ahead of print]

563. Amer A, Franchi L, Kanneganti TD, Body-Malapel M, Ozoren N, Brady G, Meshinchi S, Jagirdar R, Gewirtz A, Akira S, Nunez G. Regulation of Legionella phagosome maturation and infection through flagellin and host IPAF. J Biol Chem. 2006 Sep 19; [Epub ahead of print]

562. Bhattacharjee RN, Park KS, Kumagai Y, Okada K, Yamamoto M, Uematsu S, Matsui K, Kumar H, Kawai T, Iida T, Honda T, Takeuchi O, Akira S. VP1686, a Vibrio type III secretion protein, induces toll-like receptor independent apoptosis in macrophage through NF-kappa B inhibition. J Biol Chem. 2006 Sep 19; [Epub ahead of print]

561. Shimada N, Ishii KJ, Takeda Y, Coban C, Torii Y, Shinkai S, Akira S, Sakurai K. Synthesis and in Vitro Characterization of Antigen-Conjugated Polysaccharide as a CpG DNA Carrier. Bioconjug Chem. 2006 Sep 20;17(5):1136-1140.

560. Togbe D, Aurore G, Noulin N, Quesniaux VF, Schnyder-Candrian S, Schnyder B, Vasseur V, Akira S, Hoebe K, Beutler B, Ryffel B, Couillin I. Nonredundant roles of TIRAP and MyD88 in airway response to endotoxin, independent of TRIF, IL-1 and IL-18 pathways. Lab Invest. 2006 Sep 18; [Epub ahead of print]

559. Montminy SW, Khan N, McGrath S, Walkowicz MJ, Sharp F, Conlon JE, Fukase K, Kusumoto S, Sweet C, Miyake K, Akira S, Cotter RJ, Goguen JD, Lien E. Virulence factors of Yersinia pestis are overcome by a strong lipopolysaccharide response. Nat Immunol. 2006 Sep 17; [Epub ahead of print]

558. Sakata Y, Dong JW, Vallejo JG, Huang CH, Baker JS, Tracey K, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Mann DL. Toll-like Receptor 2 Modulates Left Ventricular Function Following Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006 Sep 15; [Epub ahead of print]

557. Ishii KJ, Akira S. Innate immune recognition of, and regulation by, DNA. Trends Immunol. 2006 Sep 15; [Epub ahead of print]

556. Berland R, Fernandez L, Kari E, Han JH, Lomakin I, Akira S, Wortis HH, Kearney JF, Ucci AA, Imanishi-Kari T. Toll-like Receptor 7-Dependent Loss of B Cell Tolerance in Pathogenic Autoantibody Knockin Mice. Immunity. 2006 Sep;25(3):429-40.

555. Chen L, Wang T, Zhou P, Ma L, Yin D, Shen J, Molinero L, Nozaki T, Phillips T, Uematsu S, Akira S, Wang CR, Fairchild RL, Alegre ML, Chong A. TLR Engagement Prevents Transplantation Tolerance. Am J Transplant. 2006 Oct;6(10):2282-91.

554. Lang KS, Georgiev P, Recher M, Navarini AA, Bergthaler A, Heikenwalder M, Harris NL, Junt T, Odermatt B, Clavien PA, Pircher H, Akira S, Hengartner H, Zinkernagel RM. Immunoprivileged status of the liver is controlled by Toll-like receptor 3 signaling. J Clin Invest. 2006 Sep 1;116(9):2456-2463.

553. Sato S, Sanjo H, Tsujimura T, Ninomiya-Tsuji J, Yamamoto M, Kawai T, Takeuchi O, Akira S. TAK1 is indispensable for development of T cells and prevention of colitis by the generation of regulatory T cells. Int Immunol. 2006 Aug 28; [Epub ahead of print]

552. Yang CS, Lee JS, Song CH, Hur GM, Lee SJ, Tanaka S, Akira S, Paik TH, Jo EK. Protein kinase C zeta plays an essential role for Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation in monocytes/macrophages via Toll-like receptor 2. Cell Microbiol. 2006 Aug 22; [Epub ahead of print]

551. Uematsu S, Akira S. Toll-like receptors and innate immunity. J Mol Med. 2006 Aug 10; [Epub ahead of print]

550. Kamon H, Kawabe T, Kitamura H, Lee J, Kamimura D, Kaisho T, Akira S, Iwamatsu A, Koga H, Murakami M, Hirano T. TRIF-GEFH1-RhoB pathway is involved in MHCII expression on dendritic cells that is critical for CD4 T-cell activation. EMBO J. 2006 Sep 6;25(17):4108-19. Epub 2006 Aug 17.

549. Huangfu WC, Omori E, Akira S, Matsumoto K, Ninomiya-Tsuji J. Osmotic stress activates the TAK1-JNK pathway while blocking TAK1-mediated NF-kappa B activation: TAO2 regulates TAK1 pathways. J Biol Chem. 2006 Aug 7; [Epub ahead of print]

548. Kitamura H, Morikawa H, Kamon H, Iguchi M, Hojyo S, Fukada T, Yamashita S, Kaisho T, Akira S, Murakami M, Hirano T. Toll-like receptor-mediated regulation of zinc homeostasis influences dendritic cell function. Nat Immunol. 2006 Aug 6; [Epub ahead of print]

547. Kim L, Butcher BA, Lee CW, Uematsu S, Akira S, Denkers EY. Toxoplasma gondii Genotype Determines MyD88-Dependent Signaling in Infected Macrophages. J Immunol. 2006 Aug 15;177(4):2584-91.

546. Chen CJ, Shi Y, Hearn A, Fitzgerald K, Golenbock D, Reed G, Akira S, Rock KL. MyD88-dependent IL-1 receptor signaling is essential for gouty inflammation stimulated by monosodium urate crystals. J Clin Invest. 2006 Aug;116(8):2262-71.

545. Wuest T, Austin BA, Uematsu S, Thapa M, Akira S, Carr DJ. Intact TRL 9 and type I interferon signaling pathways are required to augment HSV-1 induced corneal CXCL9 and CXCL10. J Neuroimmunol. 2006 Jul 31; [Epub ahead of print]

544. Shirakawa K, Maeda S, Gotoh T, Hayashi M, Shinomiya K, Ehata S, Nishimura R, Mori M, Onozaki K, Hayashi H, Uematsu S, Akira S, Ogata E, Miyazono K, Imamura T. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) regulates osteoblast differentiation. Mol Cell Biol. 2006 Aug;26(16):6105-16.

543. Ikeda-Matsuo Y, Ota A, Fukada T, Uematsu S, Akira S, Sasaki Y. Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 is a critical factor of stroke-reperfusion injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Aug 1;103(31):11790-5. Epub 2006 Jul 24.

542. Yamamoto M, Okamoto T, Takeda K, Sato S, Sanjo H, Uematsu S, Saitoh T, Yamamoto N, Sakurai H, Ishii KJ, Yamaoka S, Kawai T, Matsuura Y, Takeuchi O, Akira S. Key function for the Ubc13 E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in immune receptor signaling. Nat Immunol. 2006 Jul 23; [Epub ahead of print]

541. Inada M, Matsumoto C, Uematsu S, Akira S, Miyaura C. Membrane-bound prostaglandin e synthase-1-mediated prostaglandin e2 production by osteoblast plays a critical role in lipopolysaccharide-induced bone loss associated with inflammation. J Immunol. 2006 Aug 1;177(3):1879-85.

540. Bai T, Tanaka T, Yukawa K, Umesaki N, Matsumoto M, Akira S. Impaired Postnatal Development in C/EBPbeta-deficient Mice. J Reprod Dev. 2006 Jul 13; [Epub ahead of print]

539. Uematsu S*, Jang MH*, Chevrier N, Guo Z, Kumagai Y, Yamamoto M, Kato H, Sougawa N, Matsui H, Kuwata H, Hemmi H, Coban C, Kawai T, Ishii KJ, Takeuchi O, Miyasaka M, Takeda K, Akira S (*equal contribution). Detection of pathogenic intestinal bacteria by Toll-like receptor 5 on intestinal CD11c(+) lamina propria cells. Nat Immunol. 2006 Jul 9; [Epub ahead of print]

538. Fink K, Lang KS, Manjarrez-Orduno N, Junt T, Senn BM, Holdener M, Akira S, Zinkernagel RM, Hengartner H. Early type I interferon-mediated signals on B cells specifically enhance antiviral humoral responses. Eur J Immunol. 2006 Jun 29; [Epub ahead of print]

537. Behera AK, Hildebrand E, Uematsu S, Akira S, Coburn J, Hu LT. Identification of a TLR-Independent Pathway for Borrelia burgdorferi-Induced Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Inflammatory Mediators through Binding to Integrin {alpha}3beta1. J Immunol. 2006 Jul 1;177(1):657-64.

536. Jeyaseelan S, Young SK, Yamamoto M, Arndt PG, Akira S, Kolls JK, Worthen GS. Toll/IL-1R Domain-Containing Adaptor Protein (TIRAP) Is a Critical Mediator of Antibacterial Defense in the Lung against Klebsiella pneumoniae but Not Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Immunol. 2006 Jul 1;177(1):538-47.

535. Kumar H*, Kawai T*, Kato H, Sato S, Takahashi K, Coban C, Yamamoto M, Uematsu S, Ishii KJ, Takeuchi O, Akira S (*equal contribution). Essential role of IPS-1 in innate immune responses against RNA viruses. J Exp Med. 2006 Jun 19; [Epub ahead of print]

534. Nagai Y, Garrett KP, Ohta S, Bahrun U, Kouro T, Akira S, Takatsu K, Kincade PW. Toll-like Receptors on Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells Stimulate Innate Immune System Replenishment. Immunity. 2006 Jun;24(6):801-812.

533. Takeshita F, Tanaka T, Matsuda T, Tozuka M, Kobiyama K, Saha S, Matsui K, Ishii KJ, Coban C, Akira S, Ishii N, Suzuki K, Klinman DM, Okuda K, Sasaki S. Toll-Like Receptor Adaptor Molecules Enhance DNA-Raised Adaptive Immune Responses against Influenza and Tumors through Activation of Innate Immunity. J Virol. 2006 Jul;80(13):6218-24.

532. Cottalorda A, Verschelde C, Marcais A, Tomkowiak M, Musette P, Uematsu S, Akira S, Marvel J, Bonnefoy-Berard N. TLR2 engagement on CD8 T cells lowers the thresholdfor optimal antigen-induced T cell activation. Eur J Immunol. 2006 Jun 8; [Epub ahead of print]

531. Sayama K, Hanakawa Y, Nagai H, Shirakata Y, Dai X, Hirakawa S, Tokumaru S, Tohyama M, Yang L, Sato S, Akira S, Hashimoto K. TAK1 is essential for differentiation and the prevention of apoptosis in epidermis. J Biol Chem. 2006 Jun 5; [Epub ahead of print]

530. Takahashi Y, Isuzugawa K, Murase Y, Imai M, Yamamoto S, Iizuka M, Akira S, Bahr GM, Momotani E, Hori M, Ozaki H, Imakawa K. Up-Regulation of NOD1 and NOD2 through TLR4 and TNF-alpha in LPS-treated Murine Macrophages. J Vet Med Sci. 2006 May;68(5):471-8.

529. Miyatsuka T, Kaneto H, Shiraiwa T, Matsuoka TA, Yamamoto K, Kato K, Nakamura Y, Akira S, Takeda K, Kajimoto Y, Yamasaki Y, Sandgren EP, Kawaguchi Y, Wright CV, Fujitani Y. Persistent expression of PDX-1 in the pancreas causes acinar-to-ductal metaplasia through Stat3 activation. Genes Dev. 2006 Jun 1;20(11):1435-40

528. Qin J, Yao J, Cui G, Xiao H, Kim TW, Fraczek J, Wightman P, Sato S, Akira S, Puel A, Casanova JL, Su B, Li X. TLR8-mediated NFkappa B and JNK activation are TAK1-independent and MEKK3-dependent. J Biol Chem. 2006 May 31; [Epub ahead of print]

527. Netea MG, Joosten LA, Lewis E, Jensen DR, Voshol PJ, Kullberg BJ, Tack CJ, van Krieken H, Kim SH, Stalenhoef AF, van de Loo FA, Verschueren I, Pulawa L, Akira S, Eckel RH, Dinarello CA, van den Berg W, van der Meer JW. Deficiency of interleukin-18 in mice leads to hyperphagia, obesity and insulin resistance. Nat Med. 2006 May 28; [Epub ahead of print]

526. Jung A, Akira S. Toll-like receptors in antiviral immunity: more than just response. Future Virology, May 2006, 1(3):313-316.

525. Yoshimatsu T, Kawaguchi D, Oishi K, Takeda K, Akira S, Masuyama N, Gotoh Y. Non-cell-autonomous action of STAT3 in maintenance of neural precursor cells in the mouse neocortex. Development. 2006 May 25; [Epub ahead of print]

524. Takegahara N, Takamatsu H, Toyofuku T, Tsujimura T, Okuno T, Yukawa K, Mizui M, Yamamoto M, Prasad DV, Suzuki K, Ishii M, Terai K, Moriya M, Nakatsuji Y, Sakoda S, Sato S, Akira S, Takeda K, Inui M, Takai T, Ikawa M, Okabe M, Kumanogoh A, Kikutani H. Plexin-A1 and its interaction with DAP12 in immune responses and bone homeostasis. Nat Cell Biol. 2006 May 21; [Epub ahead of print]

523. Nakamura K, Miyagi K, Koguchi Y, Kinjo Y, Uezu K, Kinjo T, Akamine M, Fujita J, Kawamura I, Mitsuyama M, Adachi Y, Ohno N, Takeda K, Akira S, Miyazato A, Kaku M, Kawakami K. Limited contribution of Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 to the host response to a fungal infectious pathogen, Cryptococcus neoformans. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2006 Jun;47(1):148-54.

522. Saitoh T, Tun-Kyi A, Ryo A, Yamamoto M, Finn G, Fujita T, Akira S, Yamamoto N, Lu KP, Yamaoka S. Negative regulation of interferon-regulatory factor 3-dependent innate antiviral response by the prolyl isomerase Pin1. Nat Immunol. 2006 Jun;7(6):598-605. Epub 2006 May 14

521. Sumikawa Y, Asada H, Hoshino K, Azukizawa H, Katayama I, Akira S, Itami S. Induction of beta-defensin 3 in keratinocytes stimulated by bacterial lipopeptides through toll-like receptor 2. Microbes Infect. 2006 Apr 7; [Epub ahead of print]

520. Schellack C, Prinz K, Egyed A, Fritz JH, Wittmann B, Ginzler M, Swatosch G, Zauner W, Kast C, Akira S, von Gabain A, Buschle M, Lingnau K. IC31, a novel adjuvant signaling via TLR9, induces potent cellular and humoral immune responses. Vaccine. 2006 Apr 7; [Epub ahead of print]

519. Omori E, Matsumoto K, Sanjo H, Sato S, Akira S, Smart RC, Ninomiya-Tsuji J. TAK1 is a master regulator of epidermal homeostasis involving skin inflammation and apoptosis. J Biol Chem. 2006 May 4; [Epub ahead of print]

518. Kaisho T, Akira S. Toll-like receptor function and signaling. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006 May;117(5):979-87; quiz 988. Epub 2006 Apr 3.

517. Endo M, Mori M, Akira S, Gotoh T. C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP) Is Crucial for the Induction of Caspase-11 and the Pathogenesis of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatio. J Immunol. 2006 May 15;176(10):6245-53.

516. Kelly KM, Zhuang H, Nacionales DC, Scumpia PO, Lyons R, Akaogi J, Lee P, Williams B, Yamamoto M, Akira S, Satoh M, Reeves WH. "Endogenous adjuvant" activity of the RNA components of lupus autoantigens Sm/RNP and Ro 60. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 May;54(5):1557-67.

515. Kato H*, Takeuchi O*, Sato S, Yoneyama M, Yamamoto M, Matsui K, Uematsu S, Jung A, Kawai T, Ishii KJ, Yamaguchi O, Otsu K, Tsujimura T, Koh CS, Reis E Sousa C, Matsuura Y, Fujita T, Akira S (*equal contribution). Differential roles of MDA5 and RIG-I helicases in the recognition of RNA viruses. Nature. 2006 Apr 9; [Epub ahead of print]

514. Loseke S, Grage-Griebenow E, Heine H, Wagner A, Akira S, Bauer S, Bufe A. In vitro-Generated Viral Double-Stranded RNA in Contrast to Polyinosinic : Polycytidylic Acid Induces Interferon-alpha in Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. Scand J Immunol. 2006 Apr;63(4):264-74.

513. Barrier M, Lacroix-Lamande S, Mancassola R, Auray G, Bernardet N, Chausse AM, Uematsu S, Akira S, Laurent F. Oral and Intraperitoneal Administration of Phosphorothioate Oligodeoxynucleotides Leads to Control of Cryptosporidium parvum Infection in Neonatal Mice. J Infect Dis. 2006 May 15;193(10):1400-7. Epub 2006 Apr 10.

512. Hoshino K, Sugiyama T, Matsumoto M, Tanaka T, Saito M, Hemmi H, Ohara O, Akira S, Kaisho T. IkappaB kinase-alpha is critical for interferon-alpha production induced by Toll-like receptors 7 and 9. Nature. 2006 Apr 13;440(7086):949-53.

511. Rowe DC, McGettrick AF, Latz E, Monks BG, Gay NJ, Yamamoto M, Akira S, O'neill LA, Fitzgerald KA, Golenbock DT. The myristoylation of TRIF-related adaptor molecule is essential for Toll-like receptor 4 signal transduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Apr 7; [Epub ahead of print]

510. Yukawa K, Tanaka T, Bai T, Li L, Tsubota Y, Owada-Makabe K, Maeda M, Hoshino K, Akira S, Iso H. Deletion of the kinase domain from death-associated protein kinase enhances spatial memory in mice. Int J Mol Med. 2006 May;17(5):869-73.

509. Takahashi K, Kawai T, Kumar H, Sato S, Yonehara S, Akira S. Cutting edge: roles of caspase-8 and caspase-10 in innate immune responses to double-stranded RNA. J Immunol. 2006 Apr 15;176(8):4520-4.

508. Inoue H, Ogawa W, Asakawa A, Okamoto Y, Nishizawa A, Matsumoto M, Teshigawara K, Matsuki Y, Watanabe E, Hiramatsu R, Notohara K, Katayose K, Okamura H, Kahn CR, Noda T, Takeda K, Akira S, Inui A, Kasuga M. Role of hepatic STAT3 in brain-insulin action on hepatic glucose production. Cell Metab. 2006 Apr;3(4):267-75.

507. Kinoshita D, Hirota F, Kaisho T, Kasai M, Izumi K, Bando Y, Mouri Y, Matsushima A, Niki S, Han H, Oshikawa K, Kuroda N, Maegawa M, Irahara M, Takeda K, Akira S, Matsumoto M. Essential Role of I{kappa}B Kinase {alpha} in Thymic Organogenesis Required for the Establishment of Self-Tolerance. J Immunol. 2006 Apr 1;176(7):3995-4002.

506. Oshikawa T, Okamoto M, Tano T, Sasai A, Kan S, Moriya Y, Ryoma Y, Saito M, Akira S, Sato M. Antitumor effect of OK-432-derived DNA: one of the active constituents of OK-432, a streptococcal immunotherapeutic agent. J Immunother. 2006 Mar-Apr;29(2):143-50.

505. Rumio C, Besusso D, Arnaboldi F, Palazzo M, Selleri S, Gariboldi S, Akira S, Uematsu S, Bignami P, Ceriani V, Menard S, Balsari A. Activation of smooth muscle and myenteric plexus cells of jejunum via toll-like receptor 4. J Cell Physiol. 2006 Mar 7; [Epub ahead of print]

504. Santos LL, Milenkovski GP, Hall PH, Leech M, Sharma L, Takeda K, Akira S, Kitching AR, Morand EF. IL-18 is redundant in T-cell responses and in joint inflammation in antigen-induced arthritis. Immunol Cell Biol. 2006 Apr;84(2):166-73.

503. Bhattacharjee RN, Akira S. Modifying Toll-like Receptor 9 Signaling for Therapeutic Use. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2006 Mar;6(3):287-91

502. Uematsu S, Akira S. The role of Toll-like receptors in immune disorders. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2006 Mar;6(3):203-14.

501. Akira S, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O. Pathogen recognition and innate immunity. Cell. 2006 Feb 24;124(4):783-801.

500. Behera AK, Hildebrand E, Bronson RT, Perides G, Uematsu S, Akira S, Hu LT. MyD88 Deficiency Results in Tissue-Specific Changes in Cytokine Induction and Inflammation in Interleukin-18-Independent Mice Infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. Infect Immun. 2006 Mar;74(3):1462-70.

499. Zhu P, Baek SH, Bourk EM, Ohgi KA, Garcia-Bassets I, Sanjo H, Akira S, Kotol PF, Glass CK, Rosenfeld MG, Rose DW. Macrophage/Cancer cell interactions mediate hormone resistance by a nuclear receptor derepression pathway. Cell. 2006 Feb 10;124(3):615-29.

498. Lapaque N, Takeuchi O, Corrales F, Akira S, Moriyon I, Howard JC, Gorvel JP. Differential inductions of TNF-alpha and IGTP, IIGP by structurally diverse classic and non-classic lipopolysaccharides. Cell Microbiol. 2006 Mar;8(3):401-413.

497. Querec T, Bennouna S, Alkan S, Laouar Y, Gorden K, Flavell R, Akira S, Ahmed R, Pulendran B. Yellow fever vaccine YF-17D activates multiple dendritic cell subsets via TLR2, 7, 8, and 9 to stimulate polyvalent immunity. J Exp Med. 2006 Feb 6; [Epub ahead of print]

496. Buwitt-Beckmann U, Heine H, Wiesmuller KH, Jung G, Brock R, Akira S, Ulmer AJ. TLR1- and TLR6-independent recognition of bacterial lipoeptides. J Biol Chem. 2006 Feb 2; [Epub ahead of print]

495. Uemura N, Kajino T, Sanjo H, Sato S, Akira S, Matsumoto K, Ninomiya-Tsuji J. TAK1 is a component of the Epstein-Barr virus LMP1 complex and is essential for activation of JNK but not of NF-kappa B. J Biol Chem. 2006 Jan 30; [Epub ahead of print]

494. Sutmuller RP, den Brok MH, Kramer M, Bennink EJ, Toonen LW, Kullberg BJ, Joosten LA, Akira S, Netea MG, Adema GJ. Toll-like receptor 2 controls expansion and function of regulatory T cells. J Clin Invest. 2006 Jan 19; [Epub ahead of print]

493. Kawai T, Akira S. Innate immune recognition of viral infection. Nat Immunol. 2006 Feb;7(2):131-7.

492. Kiura K, Kataoka H, Nakata T, Into T, Yasuda M, Akira S, Inoue N, Shibata K. The synthetic analogue of mycoplasmal lipoprotein FSL-1 induces dendritic cell maturation through Toll-like receptor 2. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2006 Feb 1;46(1):78-84.

491. Kawai T, Akira S. TLR signaling. Cell Death Differ. 2006 Jan 20; [Epub ahead of print]

490. Kanneganti TD, Ozoren N, Body-Malapel M, Amer A, Park JH, Franchi L, Whitfield J, Barchet W, Colonna M, Vandenabeele P, Bertin J, Coyle A, Grant EP, Akira S, Nunez G. Bacterial RNA and small antiviral compounds activate caspase-1 through cryopyrin/Nalp3. Nature. 2006 Jan 11; [Epub ahead of print]

489. Suram S, Brown GD, Ghosh M, Gordon S, Loper R, Taylor PR, Akira S, Uematsu S, Williams DL, Leslie CC. Regulation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation and cyclooxygenase 2 expression in macrophages by the beta -glucan receptor. J Biol Chem. 2006 Jan 3; [Epub ahead of print]

488. Marty RR, Dirnhofer S, Mauermann N, Schweikert S, Akira S, Hunziker L, Penninger JM, Eriksson U. MyD88 Signaling Controls Autoimmune Myocarditis Induction. Circulation. 2006 Jan 9; [Epub ahead of print]

487. Fischer H, Yamamoto M, Akira S, Beutler B, Svanborg C. Mechanism of pathogen-specific TLR4 activation in the mucosa: Fimbriae, recognition receptors and adaptor protein selection. Eur J Immunol. 2005 Dec 30; [Epub ahead of print]

486. Wan J, Zhang W, Wu L, Bai T, Zhang M, Lo KW, Chui YL, Cui Y, Tao Q, Yamamoto M, Akira S, Wu Z. BS69, a Specific Adaptor in the Latent Membrane Protein 1-Mediated c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Pathway. Mol Cell Biol. 2006 Jan;26(2):448-56.

485. Rogers KA, Rogers AB, Leav BA, Sanchez A, Vannier E, Uematsu S, Akira S, Golenbock D, Ward HD. MyD88-Dependent Pathways Mediate Resistance to Cryptosporidium parvum Infection in Mice. Infect Immun. 2006 Jan;74(1):549-56.

484. Ishii KJ, Coban C, Akira S. Manifold Mechanisms of Toll-Like Receptor-Ligand Recognition. J Clin Immunol. 2005 Nov;25(6):511-521.

483. Savarese E, Chae OW, Trowitzsch S, Weber G, Kastner B, Akira S, Wagner H, Schmid RM, Bauer S, Krug A. U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein immune complexes induce type I interferon in plasmacytoid dendritic cells via TLR7. Blood. 2005 Dec 20; [Epub ahead of print]

482. Sekine Y, Yumioka T, Yamamoto T, Muromoto R, Imoto S, Sugiyma K, Oritani K, Shimoda K, Minoguchi M, Akira S, Yoshimura A, Matsuda T. Modulation of TLR4 Signaling by a Novel Adaptor Protein Signal-Transducing Adaptor Protein-2 in Macrophages. J Immunol. 2006 Jan 1;176(1):380-9.

481. Vollmer J, Tluk S, Schmitz C, Hamm S, Jurk M, Forsbach A, Akira S, Kelly KM, Reeves WH, Bauer S, Krieg AM. Immune stimulation mediated by autoantigen binding sites within small nuclear RNAs involves Toll-like receptors 7 and 8. J Exp Med. 2005 Dec 5;202(11):1575-85.

480. Sato N, Kamada N, Muromoto R, Kawai T, Sugiyama K, Watanabe T, Imoto S, Sekine Y, Ohbayashi N, Ishida M, Akira S, Matsuda T. Phosphorylation of threonine-265 in Zipper-interacting protein kinase plays an important role in its activity and is induced by IL-6 family cytokines. Immunol Lett. 2005 Nov 9; [Epub ahead of print]

479. Wingender G, Garbi N, Schumak B, Jungerkes F, Endl E, von Bubnoff D, Steitz J, Striegler J, Moldenhauer G, Tuting T, Heit A, Huster KM, Takikawa O, Akira S, Busch DH, Wagner H, Hammerling GJ, Knolle PA, Limmer A. Systemic application of CpG-rich DNA suppresses adaptive T cell immunity via induction of IDO. Eur J Immunol. 2005 Dec 2; [Epub ahead of print]

478. Poonepalli A, Balakrishnan L, Khaw AK, Low GK, Jayapal M, Bhattacharjee RN, Akira S, Balajee AS, Hande MP. Lack of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Gene Product Enhances Cellular Sensitivity to Arsenite. Cancer Res. 2005 Dec 1;65(23):10977-83.

477. Okabe Y, Kawane K, Akira S, Taniguchi T, Nagata S. Toll-like receptor-independent gene induction program activated by mammalian DNA escaped from apoptotic DNA degradation. J Exp Med. 2005 Nov 21;202(10):1333-9.

476. Jeyaseelan S, Manzer R, Young SK, Yamamoto M, Akira S, Mason RJ, Worthen GS. Toll-IL-1 Receptor Domain-Containing Adaptor Protein Is Critical for Early Lung Immune Responses against Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide and Viable Escherichia coli. J Immunol. 2005 Dec 1;175(11):7484-95.

475. Bhattacharjee RN, Park KS, Uematsu S, Okada K, Hoshino K, Takeda K, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Iida T, Honda T. Escherichia coli verotoxin 1 mediates apoptosis in human HCT116 colon cancer cells by inducing overexpression of the GADD family of genes and S phase arrest. FEBS Lett. 2005 Nov 9; [Epub ahead of print]

474. Yamamoto M, Akira S. Mechanisms of innate immune responses mediated by Toll-like receptors. Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews 2005; 5(3): 167-83.

473. Yamamoto M, Akira S. Tir domain-containing adaptors regulate TLR signaling pathways. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 2005; 560: 1-9.

472. Kimura A, Naka T, Muta T, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Kawase I, Kishimoto T. Suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 selectively inhibits LPS-induced IL-6 production by regulating JAK-STAT. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Nov 15; [Epub ahead of print]

471. Ishii KJ, Coban C, Kato H, Takahashi K, Torii Y, Takeshita F, Ludwig H, Sutter G, Suzuki K, Hemmi H, Sato S, Yamamoto M, Uematsu S, Kawai T, Takeuchi O, Akira S. A Toll-like receptor-independent antiviral response induced by double-stranded B-form DNA. Nat Immunol. 2005 Nov 13; [Epub ahead of print]

470. Delale T, Paquin A, Asselin-Paturel C, Dalod M, Brizard G, Bates EE, Kastner P, Chan S, Akira S, Vicari A, Biron CA, Trinchieri G, Briere F. MyD88-Dependent and -Independent Murine Cytomegalovirus Sensing for IFN-{alpha} Release and Initiation of Immune Responses In Vivo. J Immunol. 2005 Nov 15;175(10):6723-32.

469. Lang KS, Recher M, Junt T, Navarini AA, Harris NL, Freigang S, Odermatt B, Conrad C, Ittner LM, Bauer S, Luther SA, Uematsu S, Akira S, Hengartner H, Zinkernagel RM. Corrigendum: Toll-like receptor engagement converts T-cell autoreactivity into overt autoimmune disease. Nat Med. 2005 Nov;11(11):1256. No abstract available.

468. Shim JH, Xiao C, Paschal AE, Bailey ST, Rao P, Hayden MS, Lee KY, Bussey C, Steckel M, Tanaka N, Yamada G, Akira S, Matsumoto K, Ghosh S. TAK1, but not TAB1 or TAB2, plays an essential role in multiple signaling pathways in vivo. Genes Dev. 2005 Oct 31; [Epub ahead of print]

467. Lau CM, Broughton C, Tabor AS, Akira S, Flavell RA, Mamula MJ, Christensen SR, Shlomchik MJ, Viglianti GA, Rifkin IR, Marshak-Rothstein A. RNA-associated autoantigens activate B cells by combined B cell antigen receptor/Toll-like receptor 7 engagement. J Exp Med. 2005 Oct 31; [Epub ahead of print]

466. Wieland CW, Florquin S, Maris NA, Hoebe K, Beutler B, Takeda K, Akira S, van der Poll T. The MyD88-Dependent, but Not the MyD88-Independent, Pathway of TLR4 Signaling Is Important in Clearing Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae from the Mouse Lung. J Immunol. 2005 Nov 1;175(9):6042-9.

465. Barrat FJ, Meeker T, Gregorio J, Chan JH, Uematsu S, Akira S, Chang B, Duramad O, Coffman RL. Nucleic acids of mammalian origin can act as endogenous ligands for Toll-like receptors and may promote systemic lupus erythematosus. J Exp Med. 2005 Oct 17;202(8):1131-9.

464. Sato N, Kawai T, Sugiyama K, Muromoto R, Imoto S, Sekine Y, Ishida M, Akira S, Matsuda T. Physical and functional interactions between STAT3 and ZIP kinase. Int Immunol. 2005 Oct 11; [Epub ahead of print]

463. Fuse K, Chan G, Liu Y, Gudgeon P, Husain M, Chen M, Yeh WC, Akira S, Liu PP. Myeloid differentiation factor-88 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis and influences type I interferon production. Circulation. 2005 Oct 11;112(15):2276-85.

462. Knapp S, Wieland CW, Florquin S, Pantophlet R, Dijkshoorn L, Tshimbalanga N, Akira S, van der Poll T. Differential Roles of CD14 and Toll-like Receptors 4 and 2 in Murine Acinetobacter pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 Oct 6; [Epub ahead of print]

461. Rothenfusser S, Goutagny N, Diperna G, Gong M, Monks BG, Schoenemeyer A, Yamamoto M, Akira S, Fitzgerald KA. The RNA Helicase Lgp2 Inhibits TLR-Independent Sensing of Viral Replication by Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene-I. J Immunol. 2005 Oct 15;175(8):5260-8

460. Baratin M, Roetynck S, Lepolard C, Falk C, Sawadogo S, Uematsu S, Akira S, Ryffel B, Tiraby JG, Alexopoulou L, Kirschning CJ, Gysin J, Vivier E, Ugolini S. Natural killer cell and macrophage cooperation in MyD88-dependent innate responses to Plasmodium falciparum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Oct 11;102(41):14747-52. Epub 2005 Oct 3.

459. Sato S*, Sanjo H*, Takeda K, Ninomiya-Tsuji J, Yamamoto M, Kawai T, Matsumoto K, Takeuchi O, Akira S (*equal contribution). Essential function for the kinase TAK1 in innate and adaptive immune responses. Nat Immunol. 2005 Sep 25; [Epub ahead of print]

458. Leemans JC, Stokman G, Claessen N, Rouschop KM, Teske GJ, Kirschning CJ, Akira S, van der Poll T, Weening JJ, Florquin S. Renal-associated TLR2 mediates ischemia/reperfusion injury in the kidney. J Clin Invest. 2005 Oct 1;115(10):2894-2903.

457. Huang LY, Ishii KJ, Akira S, Aliberti J, Golding B. Th1-Like Cytokine Induction by Heat-Killed Brucella abortus Is Dependent on Triggering of TLR9. J Immunol. 2005 Sep 15;175(6):3964-70.

456. Yukawa K, Tanaka T, Owada-Makabe K, Tsubota Y, Bai T, Maeda M, Takeda K, Akira S, Iso H. Reduced prepulse inhibition of startle in STAT6-deficient mice. Int J Mol Med. 2005 Oct;16(4):673-5.

455. Kawai T, Takahashi K, Sato S, Coban C, Kumar H, Kato H, Ishii KJ, Takeuchi O, Akira S. IPS-1, an adaptor triggering RIG-I- and Mda5-mediated type I interferon induction. Nat Immunol. 2005 Oct;6(10):981-8. Epub 2005 Aug 28.

454.Ogawa A, Tagawa T, Nishimura H, Yajima T, Abe T, Arai T, Taniguchi M, Takeda K, Akira S, Nimura Y, Yoshikai Y. Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 are differentially involved in Fas-dependent apoptosis in Peyers patch and liver at an early stage after bile duct ligation in mice. Gut. 2005 Aug 23; [Epub ahead of print]

453. Matsukawa A, Kudo S, Maeda T, Numata K, Watanabe H, Takeda K, Akira S, Ito T. Stat3 in resident macrophages as a repressor protein of inflammatory response. J Immunol. 2005 Sep 1;175(5):3354-9.

452. Youn HS, Lee JY, Fitzgerald KA, Young HA, Akira S, Hwang DH. Specific Inhibition of MyD88-Independent Signaling Pathways of TLR3 and TLR4 by Resveratrol: Molecular Targets Are TBK1 and RIP1 in TRIF Complex. J Immunol. 2005 Sep 1;175(5):3339-46.

451. Yoneyama M, Kikuchi M, Matsumoto K, Imaizumi T, Miyagishi M, Taira K, Foy E, Loo YM, Gale M Jr, Akira S, Yonehara S, Kato A, Fujita T. Shared and Unique Functions of the DExD/H-Box Helicases RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2 in Antiviral Innate Immunity. J Immunol. 2005 Sep 1;175(5):2851-8.

450. Balloy V, Si-Tahar M, Takeuchi O, Philippe B, Nahori MA, Tanguy M, Huerre M, Akira S, Latge JP, Chignard M. Involvement of toll-like receptor 2 in experimental invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Infect Immun. 2005 Sep;73(9):5420-5.

449. Ishii KJ, Akira S. TLR Ignores Methylated RNA? Immunity. 2005 Aug;23(2):111-113.

448. Haga S, Ogawa W, Inoue H, Terui K, Ogino T, Igarashi R, Takeda K, Akira S, Enosawa S, Furukawa H, Todo S, Ozaki M. Compensatory recovery of liver mass by Akt-mediated hepatocellular hypertrophy in liver-specific STAT3-deficient mice. J Hepatol. 2005 Aug 2; [Epub ahead of print]

447. Ishii KJ, Akira S. Innate immune recognition of nucleic acids: Beyond toll-like receptors. Int J Cancer. 2005 Aug 3; [Epub ahead of print]

446. Yukawa K, Hoshino K, Kishino M, Tsubota Y, Owada-Makabe K, Maeda M, Bai T, Tanaka T, Akira S. Deletion of the kinase domain from death-associated protein kinase attenuates p53 expression in chronic obstructive uropathy. Int J Mol Med. 2005 Sep;16(3):389-93.

445. Bhattacharjee RN, Park KS, Okada K, Kumagai Y, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Iida T, Honda T. Microarray analysis identifies apoptosis regulatory gene expression in HCT116 cells infected with thermostable direct hemolysin-deletion mutant of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Jul 29; [Epub ahead of print]

444. Amcheslavsky A, Hemmi H, Akira S, Bar-Shavit Z. Differential Contribution of Osteoclast- and Osteoblast-Lineage Cells to CpG-Oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) Modulation of Osteoclastogenesis. J Bone Miner Res. 2005 Sep;20(9):1692-9.

443. Oishi Y, Manabe I, Tobe K, Tsushima K, Shindo T, Fujiu K, Nishimura G, Maemura K, Yamauchi T, Kubota N, Suzuki R, Kitamura T, Akira S, Kadowaki T, Nagai R. Kruppel-like transcription factor KLF5 is a key regulator of adipocyte differentiation. Cell Metab. 2005 Jan;1(1):27-39.

442. Takeshita F, Ishii KJ, Kobiyama K, Kojima Y, Coban C, Sasaki S, Ishii N, Klinman DM, Okuda K, Akira S, Suzuki K. TRAF4 acts as a silencer in TLR-mediated signaling through the association with TRAF6 and TRIF. Eur J Immunol. 2005 Jul 29; [Epub ahead of print]

441. Ishii KJ, Ito S, Tamura T, Hemmi H, Conover J, Ozato K, Akira S, Klinman DM. CpG-activated Thy1.2(+) dendritic cells protect against lethal Listeria monocytogenes infection. Eur J Immunol. 2005 Jul 26; [Epub ahead of print]

440. Ohkawara T, Takeda H, Nishihira J, Miyashita K, Nihiwaki M, Ishiguro Y, Takeda K, Akira S, Iwanaga T, Sugiyama T, Asaka M. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor contributes to the development of acute dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in Toll-like receptor 4 knockout mice. Clin Exp Immunol. 2005 Sep;141(3):412-21.

439. Weiss DS, Takeda K, Akira S, Zychlinsky A, Moreno E. MyD88, but not toll-like receptors 4 and 2, is required for efficient clearance of Brucella abortus. Infect Immun. 2005 Aug;73(8):5137-43.

438. Mun HS, Aosai F, Norose K, Piao LX, Fang H, Akira S, Yano A. Toll-like receptor 4 mediates tolerance in macrophages stimulated with Toxoplasma gondii-derived heat shock protein 70. Infect Immun. 2005 Aug;73(8):4634-42.

437. Kato H, Sato S, Yoneyama M, Yamamoto M, Uematsu S, Matsui K, Tsujimura T, Takeda K, Fujita T, Takeuchi O, Akira S. Cell Type-Specific Involvement of RIG-I in Antiviral Response. Immunity. 2005 Jul;23(1):19-28.

436. Yang S, Takahashi N, Yamashita T, Sato N, Takahashi M, Mogi M, Uematsu T, Kobayashi Y, Nakamichi Y, Takeda K, Akira S, Takada H, Udagawa N, Furusawa K. Muramyl Dipeptide Enhances Osteoclast Formation Induced by Lipopolysaccharide, IL-1{alpha}, and TNF-{alpha} through Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain 2-Mediated Signaling in Osteoblasts. J Immunol. 2005 Aug 1;175(3):1956-64.

435. Christensen SR, Kashgarian M, Alexopoulou L, Flavell RA, Akira S, Shlomchik MJ. Toll-like receptor 9 controls anti-DNA autoantibody production in murine lupus. J Exp Med. 2005 Jul 18;202(2):321-31.

434. Rasschaert J, Ladriere L, Urbain M, Dogusan Z, Katabua B, Sato S, Akira S, Gysemans C, Mathieu C, Eizirik DL. Toll-like receptor 3 and STAT-1 contribute for dsRNA+IFN-gamma -induced apoptosis in primary pancreatic beta -cells. J Biol Chem. 2005 Jul 15; [Epub ahead of print]

433. de Jonge WJ, van der Zanden EP, The FO, Bijlsma MF, van Westerloo DJ, Bennink RJ, Berthoud HR, Uematsu S, Akira S, van den Wijngaard RM, Boeckxstaens GE. Stimulation of the vagus nerve attenuates macrophage activation by activating the Jak2-STAT3 signaling pathway. Nat Immunol. 2005 Aug;6(8):844-51. Epub 2005 Jul 17.

432. Shindou H, Ishii S, Yamamoto M, Takeda K, Akira S, Shimizu T. Priming Effect of Lipopolysaccharide on Acetyl-Coenzyme A:Lyso-Platelet-Activating Factor Acetyltransferase Is MyD88 and TRIF Independent. J Immunol. 2005 Jul 15;175(2):1177-83

431. Ikeda-Matsuo Y, Ikegaya Y, Matsuki N, Uematsu S, Akira S, Sasaki Y. Microglia-specific expression of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 contributes to lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E production. J Neurochem. 2005 Jul 5; [Epub ahead of print]

430. Kato Y, Iwama A, Tadokoro Y, Shimoda K, Minoguchi M, Akira S, Tanaka M, Miyajima A, Kitamura T, Nakauchi H. Selective activation of STAT5 unveils its role in stem cell self-renewal in normal and leukemic hematopoiesis. J Exp Med. 2005 Jul 4;202(1):169-79.

429. Boasen J, Chisholm D, Lebet L, Akira S, Horner AA. House dust extracts elicit Toll-like receptor-dependent dendritic cell responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005 Jul;116(1):185-91.

428. Akira S, Hemmi H. TLR Signalling and the Function of Dendritic Cells. Chem Immunol Allergy. 2005;86:120-35

427. Kanemitsu N, Ebisuno Y, Tanaka T, Otani K, Hayasaka H, Kaisho T, Akira S, Katagiri K, Kinashi T, Fujita N, Tsuruo T, Miyasaka M. CXCL13 is an arrest chemokine for B cells in high endothelial venules. Blood. 2005 Jun 21; [Epub ahead of print]

426. Kawai T, Akira S. Pathogen recognition with Toll-like receptors. Curr Opin Immunol. 2005 Jun 9; [Epub ahead of print]

425. Yang R, Murillo FM, Delannoy MJ, Blosser RL, Yutzy WH 4th, Uematsu S, Takeda K, Akira S, Viscidi RP, Roden RB. B Lymphocyte Activation by Human Papillomavirus-Like Particles Directly Induces Ig Class Switch Recombination via TLR4-MyD88. J Immunol. 2005 Jun 15;174(12):7912-9.

424. Uehori J, Fukase K, Akazawa T, Uematsu S, Akira S, Funami K, Shingai M, Matsumoto M, Azuma I, Toyoshima K, Kusumoto S, Seya T. Dendritic Cell Maturation Induced by Muramyl Dipeptide (MDP) Derivatives: Monoacylated MDP Confers TLR2/TLR4 Activation. J Immunol. 2005 Jun 1;174(11):7096-103.

423. Nagai Y, Kobayashi T, Motoi Y, Ishiguro K, Akashi S, Saitoh S, Kusumoto Y, Kaisho T, Akira S, Matsumoto M, Takatsu K, Miyake K. The Radioprotective 105/MD-1 Complex Links TLR2 and TLR4/MD-2 in Antibody Response to Microbial Membranes. J Immunol. 2005 Jun 1;174(11):7043-9.

422. Hayashi EA, Akira S, Nobrega A. Role of TLR in B Cell Development: Signaling through TLR4 Promotes B Cell Maturation and Is Inhibited by TLR2. J Immunol. 2005 Jun 1;174(11):6639-47.

421. Yang R, Wheeler CM, Chen X, Uematsu S, Takeda K, Akira S, Pastrana DV, Viscidi RP, Roden RB. Papillomavirus capsid mutation to escape dendritic cell-dependent innate immunity in cervical cancer. J Virol. 2005 Jun;79(11):6741-50.

420. Kitching AR, Turner AL, Wilson GR, Semple T, Odobasic D, Timoshanko JR, O'sullivan KM, Tipping PG, Takeda K, Akira S, Holdsworth SR. IL-12p40 and IL-18 in Crescentic Glomerulonephritis: IL-12p40 is the Key Th1-Defining Cytokine Chain, Whereas IL-18 Promotes Local Inflammation and Leukocyte Recruitment. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005 May 11; [Epub ahead of print]

419. Henneke P, Morath S, Uematsu S, Weichert S, Pfitzenmaier M, Takeuchi O, Muller A, Poyart C, Akira S, Berner R, Teti G, Geyer A, Hartung T, Trieu-Cuot P, Kasper DL, Golenbock DT. Role of lipoteichoic Acid in the phagocyte response to group B streptococcus. J Immunol. 2005 May 15;174(10):6449-55.

418. Mansur DS, Kroon EG, Nogueira ML, Arantes RM, Rodrigues SC, Akira S, Gazzinelli RT, Campos MA. Lethal encephalitis in myeloid differentiation factor 88-deficient mice infected with herpes simplex virus 1. Am J Pathol. 2005 May;166(5):1419-26.

417. Kishida S, Sanjo H, Akira S, Matsumoto K, Ninomiya-Tsuji J. TAK1-binding protein 2 facilitates ubiquitination of TRAF6 and assembly of TRAF6 with IKK in the IL-1 signaling pathway. Genes Cells. 2005 May;10(5):447-54.

416. Karaya K, Mori S, Kimoto H, Shima Y, Tsuji Y, Kurooka H, Akira S, Yokota Y. Regulation of Id2 expression by CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005 Apr 4;33(6):1924-34.

415. Yukawa K, Iso H, Tanaka T, Tsubota Y, Owada-Makabe K, Bai T, Takeda K, Akira S, Maeda M. Down-regulation of dopamine transporter and abnormal behavior in STAT6-deficient mice. Int J Mol Med. 2005 May;15(5):819-25.

414. Saemann M, Weichhart T, Zeyda M, Staffler G, Schunn M, Stuhlmeier K, Sobanov Y, Stulnig T, Akira S, von Gabain A, von Ahsen U, Horl W, Zlabinger G, Tanaka T, Miyata T, Inagi R, Fujita T, Nangaku M, Desvarieux M, Demmer R, Rundek T, Boden-Albala B, Jacobs D Jr, Sacco R, Papapanou P. Immunoregulation in Urinary Tract Inflammation--A Role of Tamm-Horsfall Glycoprotein: Tamm-Horsfall Glycoprotein Links Innate Immune Cell Activation with Adaptive Immunity via a Toll-Like Receptor-4-Dependent Mechanism. J Clin Invest 115: 468-475, 2005. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005 Apr;16(4):829-36.

413. Asai Y, Hashimoto M, Fletcher HM, Miyake K, Akira S, Ogawa T. Lipopolysaccharide preparation extracted from Porphyromonas gingivalis lipoprotein-deficient mutant shows a marked decrease in toll-like receptor 2-mediated signaling. Infect Immun. 2005 Apr;73(4):2157-63.

412. Yoshitomi H, Sakaguchi N, Kobayashi K, Brown GD, Tagami T, Sakihama T, Hirota K, Tanaka S, Nomura T, Miki I, Gordon S, Akira S, Nakamura T, Sakaguchi S. A role for fungal {beta}-glucans and their receptor Dectin-1 in the induction of autoimmune arthritis in genetically susceptible mice. J Exp Med. 2005 Mar 21;201(6):949-60.

411. Kumanogoh A, Shikina T, Suzuki K, Uematsu S, Yukawa K, Kashiwamura S, Tsutsui H, Yamamoto M, Takamatsu H, Ko-Mitamura EP, Takegahara N, Marukawa S, Ishida I, Morishita H, Prasad DV, Tamura M, Mizui M, Toyofuku T, Akira S, Takeda K, Okabe M, Kikutani H. Nonredundant Roles of Sema4A in the Immune System: Defective T Cell Priming and Th1/Th2 Regulation in Sema4A-Deficient Mice. Immunity. 2005 Mar;22(3):305-16.

410. Jeyaseelan S, Manzer R, Young SK, Yamamoto M, Akira S, Mason RJ, Worthen GS. Induction of CXCL5 During Inflammation in the Rodent Lung Involves Activation of Alveolar Epithelium. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2005 Mar 18; [Epub ahead of print]

409. Kalis C, Gumenscheimer M, Freudenberg N, Tchaptchet S, Fejer G, Heit A, Akira S, Galanos C, Freudenberg MA. Requirement for TLR9 in the Immunomodulatory Activity of Propionibacterium acnes. J Immunol. 2005 Apr 1;174(7):4295-300.

408. Breiman A, Grandvaux N, Lin R, Ottone C, Akira S, Yoneyama M, Fujita T, Hiscott J, Meurs EF. Inhibition of RIG-I-Dependent Signaling to the Interferon Pathway during Hepatitis C Virus Expression and Restoration of Signaling by IKK{varepsilon}. J Virol. 2005 Apr;79(7):3969-78.

407. Uematsu S, Sato S, Yamamoto M, Hirotani T, Kato H, Takeshita F, Matsuda M, Coban C, Ishii KJ, Kawai T, Takeuchi O, Akira S. Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 plays an essential role for Toll-like receptor (TLR)7- and TLR9-mediated interferon-{alpha} induction. J Exp Med. 2005 Mar 14; [Epub ahead of print]

406. Xu AW, Kaelin CB, Takeda K, Akira S, Schwartz MW, Barsh GS. PI3K integrates the action of insulin and leptin on hypothalamic neurons. J Clin Invest. 2005 Mar 10; [Epub ahead of print]

405. Hirotani T, Lee PY, Kuwata H, Yamamoto M, Matsumoto M, Kawase I, Akira S, Takeda K. The Nuclear I{kappa}B Protein I{kappa}BNS Selectively Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced IL-6 Production in Macrophages of the Colonic Lamina Propria. J Immunol. 2005 Mar 15;174(6):3650-7.

404. Seki E, Tsutsui H, Iimuro Y, Naka T, Son G, Akira S, Kishimoto T, Nakanishi K, Fujimoto J. Contribution of Toll-like receptor/myeloid differentiation factor 88 signaling to murine liver regeneration. Hepatology. 2005 Mar;41(3):443-50.

403. Hornung V, Guenthner-Biller M, Bourquin C, Ablasser A, Schlee M, Uematsu S, Noronha A, Manoharan M, Akira S, de Fougerolles A, Endres S, Hartmann G. Sequence-specific potent induction of IFN-alpha by short interfering RNA in plasmacytoid dendritic cells through TLR7. Nat Med. 2005 Mar;11(3):263-70. Epub 2005 Feb 20.

402. Abe T, Hemmi H, Miyamoto H, Moriishi K, Tamura S, Takaku H, Akira S, Matsuura Y. Involvement of the Toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway in the induction of innate immunity by baculovirus. J Virol. 2005 Mar;79(5):2847-58.

401. Sugiyama T, Gursel M, Takeshita F, Coban C, Conover J, Kaisho T, Akira S, Klinman DM, Ishii KJ. CpG RNA: Identification of Novel Single-Stranded RNA That Stimulates Human CD14+CD11c+ Monocytes. J Immunol. 2005 Feb 15;174(4):2273-9.

400. Suzuki T, Nakanishi K, Tsutsui H, Iwai H, Akira S, Inohara N, Chamaillard M, Nunez G, Sasakawa C. A novel caspase-1/Toll-like receptor 4-independent pathway of cell death induced by cytosolic Shigella in infected macrophages. J Biol Chem. 2005 Feb 4; [Epub ahead of print]

399. Hirotani T, Yamamoto M, Kumagai Y, Uematsu S, Kawase I, Takeuchi O, Akira S. Regulation of lipopolysaccharide-inducible genes by MyD88 and Toll/IL-1 domain containing adaptor inducing IFN-beta. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Mar 11;328(2):383-92.

398. Araki A, Kanai T, Ishikura T, Makita S, Uraushihara K, Iiyama R, Totsuka T, Takeda K, Akira S, Watanabe M. MyD88-deficient mice develop severe intestinal inflammation in dextran sodium sulfate colitis. J Gastroenterol. 2005 Jan;40(1):16-23.

397. Ueta M, Hamuro J, Yamamoto M, Kaseda K, Akira S, Kinoshita S. Spontaneous Ocular Surface Inflammation and Goblet Cell Disappearance in I{kappa}B{zeta} Gene-Disrupted Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005 Feb;46(2):579-88.

396. Kamezaki K, Shimoda K, Numata A, Haro T, Kakumitsu H, Yoshie M, Yamamoto M, Takeda K, Matsuda T, Akira S, Ogawa K, Harada M. Roles of Stat3 and ERK in G-CSF Signaling. Stem Cells. 2005;23(2):252-63.

395. Hapfelmeier S, Stecher B, Barthel M, Kremer M, Muller AJ, Heikenwalder M, Stallmach T, Hensel M, Pfeffer K, Akira S, Hardt WD. The Salmonella Pathogenicity Island (SPI)-2 and SPI-1 Type III Secretion Systems Allow Salmonella Serovar typhimurium to Trigger Colitis via MyD88-Dependent and MyD88-Independent Mechanisms. J Immunol. 2005 Feb 1;174(3):1675-1685.

394. Saitoh T, Yamamoto M, Miyagishi M, Taira K, Nakanishi M, Fujita T, Akira S, Yamamoto N, Yamaoka S. A20 Is a Negative Regulator of IFN Regulatory Factor 3 Signaling. J Immunol. 2005 Feb 1;174(3):1507-1512

393. Sawamura D, Abe R, Goto M, Akiyama M, Hemmi H, Akira S, Shimizu H. Direct injection of plasmid DNA into the skin induces dermatitis by activation of monocytes through toll-like receptor 9. J Gene Med. 2005 Jan 17; [Epub ahead of print]

392. Lang KS, Recher M, Junt T, Navarini AA, Harris NL, Freigang S, Odermatt B, Conrad C, Ittner LM, Bauer S, Luther SA, Uematsu S, Akira S, Hengartner H, Zinkernagel RM. Toll-like receptor engagement converts T-cell autoreactivity into overt autoimmune disease. Nat Med. 2005 Jan 16; [Epub ahead of print]

391. Saemann MD, Weichhart T, Zeyda M, Staffler G, Schunn M, Stuhlmeier KM, Sobanov Y, Stulnig TM, Akira S, Gabain AV, von Ahsen U, Horl WH, Zlabinger GJ. Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein links innate immune cell activation with adaptive immunity via a Toll-like receptor-4- dependent mechanism. J Clin Invest. 2005 Jan 13; [Epub ahead of print]

390. Yukawa K, Kishino M, Goda M, Liang XM, Kimura A, Tanaka T, Bai T, Owada-Makabe K, Tsubota Y, Ueyama T, Ichinose M, Maeda M, Takeda K, Akira S. STAT6 deficiency inhibits tubulointerstitial fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy. Int J Mol Med. 2005 Feb;15(2):225-30.

389. Kawai T, Akira S. Toll-like receptor downstream signaling. Arthritis Res Ther. 2005;7(1):12-9. Epub 2004 Nov 30.

388. Coban C, Ishii KJ, Kawai T, Hemmi H, Sato S, Uematsu S, Yamamoto M, Takeuchi O, Itagaki S, Kumar N, Horii T, Akira S. Toll-like receptor 9 mediates innate immune activation by the malaria pigment hemozoin. J Exp Med. 2005 Jan 3;201(1):19-25.

387. Krishnegowda G, Hajjar AM, Zhu J, Douglass EJ, Uematsu S, Akira S, Woods AS, Gowda DC. Induction of proinflammatory responses in macrophages by the glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) of Plasmodium falciparum: Cell signaling receptors, GPI structural requirement, and regulation of GPI activity. J Biol Chem. 2004 Dec 28; [Epub ahead of print]

386. Akamine M, Higa F, Arakaki N, Kawakami K, Takeda K, Akira S, Saito A. Differential roles of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in in vitro responses of macrophages to Legionella pneumophila. Infect Immun. 2005 Jan;73(1):352-61.

385. Van Der Sluijs KF, Van Elden LJ, Arens R, Nijhuis M, Schuurman R, Florquin S, Kwakkel J, Akira S, Jansen HM, Lutter R, Van Der Polls T. Enhanced viral clearance in interleukin-18 gene-deficient mice after pulmonary infection with influenza A virus. Immunology. 2005 Jan;114(1):112-20.

384. Kaisho T, Akira S. Pleiotropic function of Toll-like receptors. Microbes Infect. 2004 Dec;6(15):1388-94.

383. Stockinger S, Reutterer B, Schaljo B, Schellack C, Brunner S, Materna T, Yamamoto M, Akira S, Taniguchi T, Murray PJ, Muller M, Decker T. IFN regulatory factor 3-dependent induction of type I IFNs by intracellular bacteria is mediated by a TLR- and Nod2-independent mechanism. J Immunol. 2004 Dec 15;173(12):7416-25.

382. Takeda K, Akira S. Toll-like receptors in innate immunity. Int Immunol. 2005 Jan;17(1):1-14.

381. Yukawa K, Kishino M, Hoshino K, Shirasawa N, Kimura A, Tsubota Y, Owada-Makabe K, Bai T, Tanaka T, Ueyama T, Ichinose M, Takeda K, Akira S, Maeda M. The kinase domain of death-associated protein kinase is inhibitory for tubulointerstitial fibrosis in chronic obstructive nephropathy. Int J Mol Med. 2005 Jan;15(1):73-8.

380. Buwitt-Beckmann U, Heine H, Wiesmuller KH, Jung G, Brock R, Akira S, Ulmer AJ. Toll-like receptor 6-independent signaling by diacylated lipopeptides. Eur J Immunol. 2004 Dec 3;35(1):282-289 [Epub ahead of print]

379. Guillot L, Le Goffic R, Bloch S, Escriou N, Akira S, Chignard M, Si-Tahar M. Involvement of toll-like receptor 3 in the immune response of lung epithelial cells to double-stranded RNA and influenza A virus. J Biol Chem. 2004 Dec 3; [Epub ahead of print]

378. Suzuki Y, Wakita D, Chamoto K, Narita Y, Tsuji T, Takeshima T, Gyobu H, Kawarada Y, Kondo S, Akira S, Katoh H, Ikeda H, Nishimura T. Liposome-encapsulated CpG oligodeoxynucleotides as a potent adjuvant for inducing type 1 innate immunity. Cancer Res. 2004 Dec 1;64(23):8754-60.

377. Knuefermann P, Sakata Y, Baker JS, Huang CH, Sekiguchi K, Hardarson HS, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Vallejo JG. Toll-like receptor 2 mediates Staphylococcus aureus-induced myocardial dysfunction and cytokine production in the heart. Circulation. 2004 Dec 14;110(24):3693-8. Epub 2004 Nov 29.

376. Flo TH, Smith KD, Sato S, Rodriguez DJ, Holmes MA, Strong RK, Akira S, Aderem A. Lipocalin 2 mediates an innate immune response to bacterial infection by sequestrating iron. Nature. 2004 Nov 7 [Epub ahead of print]

375. Hosoi T, Wada S, Suzuki S, Okuma Y, Akira S, Matsuda T, Nomura Y. Bacterial endotoxin induces IL-20 expression in the glial cells. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2004 Nov 4;130(1-2):23-29.

374. Yamamoto M, Yaginuma K, Tsutsui H, Sagara J, Guan X, Seki E, Yasuda K, Yamamoto M, Akira S, Nakanishi K, Noda T, Taniguchi S. ASC is essential for LPS-induced activation of procaspase-1 independently of TLR-associated signal adaptor molecules. Genes Cells. 2004 Nov;9(11):1055-67.

373. Oliveira AC, Peixoto JR, de Arruda LB, Campos MA, Gazzinelli RT, Golenbock DT, Akira S, Previato JO, Mendonca-Previato L, Nobrega A, Bellio M. Expression of functional TLR4 confers proinflammatory responsiveness to Trypanosoma cruzi glycoinositolphospholipids and higher resistance to infection with T. cruzi. J Immunol. 2004 Nov 1;173(9):5688-96.

372. Hikoso S, Yamaguchi O, Higuchi Y, Hirotani S, Takeda T, Kashiwase K, Watanabe T, Taniike M, Tsujimoto I, Asahi M, Matsumura Y, Nishida K, Nakajima H, Akira S, Hori M, Otsu K. Pressure overload induces cardiac dysfunction and dilation in signal transducer and activator of transcription 6-deficient mice. Circulation. 2004 Oct 26;110(17):2631-7. Epub 2004 Oct 18.

371. Chaisson ML, Branstetter DG, Derry JM, Armstrong AP, Tometsko ME, Takeda K, Akira S, Dougall WC. Osteoclast differentiation is impaired in the absence of IKKalpha. J Biol Chem. 2004 Oct 14 [Epub ahead of print]

370. Kirino Y, Yasukawa T, Ohta S, Akira S, Ishihara K, Watanabe K, Suzuki T. Codon-specific translational defect caused by a wobble modification deficiency in mutant tRNA from a human mitochondrial disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Oct 19;101(42):15070-5. Epub 2004 Oct 11.

369. Ishii KJ, Akira S. Toll-like Receptors and Sepsis. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2004 Oct;6(5):361-366.

368. Yang R, Murillo FM, Cui H, Blosser R, Uematsu S, Takeda K, Akira S, Viscidi RP, Roden RB. Papillomavirus-like particles stimulate murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells to produce alpha interferon and Th1 immune responses via MyD88. J Virol. 2004 Oct;78(20):11152-60.

367. Wieland CW, Knapp S, Florquin S, De Vos AF, Takeda K, Akira S, Golenbock DT, Verbon A, Van Der Poll T. Non-mannose-capped Lipoarabinomannan Induces Lung Inflammation via Toll-like Receptor 2. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004 Sep 24 [Epub ahead of print]

366. Nakasone C, Kawakami K, Hoshino T, Kawase Y, Yokota K, Yoshino K, Takeda K, Akira S, Saito A. Limited role for interleukin-18 in the host protection response to pulmonary infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice. Infect Immun. 2004 Oct;72(10):6176-80.

365. Takeuchi O, Hemmi H, Akira S. Interferon response induced by Toll-like receptor signaling. J Endotoxin Res. 2004;10(4):252-256.

364. Marshak-Rothstein A, Busconi L, Lau CM, Tabor AS, Leadbetter EA, Akira S, Krieg AM, Lipford GB, Viglianti GA, Rifkin IR. Comparison of CpG s-ODNs, chromatin immune complexes, and dsDNA fragment immune complexes in the TLR9-dependent activation of rheumatoid factor B cells. J Endotoxin Res. 2004;10(4):247-251.

363. Vossenkamper A, Struck D, Alvarado-Esquivel C, Went T, Takeda K, Akira S, Pfeffer K, Alber G, Lochner M, Forster I, Liesenfeld O. Both IL-12 and IL-18 contribute to small intestinal Th1-type immunopathology following oral infection with Toxoplasma gondii, but IL-12 is dominant over IL-18 in parasite control. Eur J Immunol. 2004 Sep 15 [Epub ahead of print]

362. TenOever BR, Sharma S, Zou W, Sun Q, Grandvaux N, Julkunen I, Hemmi H, Yamamoto M, Akira S, Yeh WC, Lin R, Hiscott J. Activation of TBK1 and IKK{varepsilon} Kinases by Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Infection and the Role of Viral Ribonucleoprotein in the Development of Interferon Antiviral Immunity. J Virol. 2004 Oct;78(19):10636-10649.

361. Kawai T, Sato S, Ishii KJ, Coban C, Hemmi H, Yamamoto M, Terai K, Matsuda M, Inoue JI, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O, Akira S. Interferon-alpha induction through Toll-like receptors involves a direct interaction of IRF7 with MyD88 and TRAF6. Nat Immunol. 2004 Sep 7 [Epub ahead of print]

360. Sato N, Takahashi N, Suda K, Nakamura M, Yamaki M, Ninomiya T, Kobayashi Y, Takada H, Shibata K, Yamamoto M, Takeda K, Akira S, Noguchi T, Udagawa N. MyD88 But Not TRIF Is Essential for Osteoclastogenesis Induced by Lipopolysaccharide, Diacyl Lipopeptide, and IL-1{alpha} J Exp Med. 2004 Sep 6;200(5):601-611.

359. Krug A, French AR, Barchet W, Fischer JA, Dzionek A, Pingel JT, Orihuela MM, Akira S, Yokoyama WM, Colonna M. TLR9-dependent recognition of MCMV by IPC and DC generates coordinated cytokine responses that activate antiviral NK cell function. Immunity. 2004 Jul;21(1):107-19.

358. Takeji M, Kawada N, Moriyama T, Nagatoya K, Oseto S, Akira S, Hori M, Imai E, Miwa T. CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein {delta} Contributes to Myofibroblast Transdifferentiation and Renal Disease Progression. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004 Sep;15(9):2383-2390.

357.Akira S, Takeda K. Functions of toll-like receptors: lessons from KO mice. C R Biol. 2004 Jun;327(6):581-9.

356. Kudo M, Aosai F, Mun HS, Norose K, Akira S, Iwakura Y, Yano A. The Role of IFN-gamma and Toll-Like Receptors in Nephropathy Induced by Toxoplasma gondii Infection. Microbiol Immunol. 2004;48(8):617-28.

355. Jang S, Uematsu S, Akira S, Salgame P. IL-6 and IL-10 induction from dendritic cells in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is predominantly dependent on TLR2-mediated recognition. J Immunol. 2004 Sep 1;173(5):3392-7.

354. Sumi K, Yokozeki H, Wu MH, Satoh T, Kaneda Y, Takeda K, Akira S, Nishioka K. In vivo transfection of a cis element 'decoy' against signal transducers and activators of the transcription 6 (STAT6) binding site ameliorates the response of contact hypersensitivity. Gene Ther. 2004 Aug 12 [Epub ahead of print]

353. Yokozeki H, Wu MH, Sumi K, Awad S, Satoh T, Katayama I, Takeda K, Akira S, Kaneda Y, Nishioka K. In vivo transfection of a cis element 'decoy' against signal transducers and activators of transcription 6 (STAT6)-binding site ameliorates IgE-mediated late-phase reaction in an atopic dermatitis mouse model. Gene Ther. 2004 Aug 12 [Epub ahead of print]

352. Smith RM, Suleman N, Lacerda L, Opie LH, Akira S, Chien KR, Sack MN. Genetic depletion of cardiac myocyte STAT-3 abolishes classical preconditioning. Cardiovasc Res. 2004 Sep 1;63(4):611-6.

351. Yang R, Murillo FM, Lin KY, Yutzy WH 4th, Uematsu S, Takeda K, Akira S, Viscidi RP, Roden RB. Human papillomavirus type-16 virus-like particles activate complementary defense responses in key dendritic cell subpopulations. J Immunol. 2004 Aug 15;173(4):2624-31.

350. Okamoto M, Furuichi S, Nishioka Y, Oshikawa T, Tano T, Ahmed SU, Takeda K, Akira S, Ryoma Y, Moriya Y, Saito M, Sone S, Sato M. Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 4 on Dendritic Cells Is Significant for Anticancer Effect of Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy in Combination with an Active Component of OK-432, a Streptococcal Preparation. Cancer Res. 2004 Aug 1;64(15):5461-70.

349. Bolz DD, Sundsbak RS, Ma Y, Akira S, Kirschning CJ, Zachary JF, Weis JH, Weis JJ. MyD88 plays a unique role in host defense but not arthritis development in Lyme disease. J Immunol. 2004 Aug 1;173(3):2003-10.

348. Nicolle DM, Pichon X, Bouchot A, Maillet I, Erard F, Akira S, Ryffel B, Quesniaux VF. Chronic pneumonia despite adaptive immune response to Mycobacterium bovis BCG in MyD88-deficient mice. Lab Invest. 2004 Jul 19 [Epub ahead of print]

347. Michelsen KS, Wong MH, Shah PK, Zhang W, Yano J, Doherty TM, Akira S, Rajavashisth TB, Arditi M. Lack of Toll-like receptor 4 or myeloid differentiation factor 88 reduces atherosclerosis and alters plaque phenotype in mice deficient in apolipoprotein E. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jul 20;101(29):10679-84. Epub 2004 Jul 12.

346. Yamamoto M, Yamazaki S, Uematsu S, Sato S, Hemmi H, Hoshino K, Kaisho T, Kuwata H, Takeuchi O, Takeshige K, Saitoh T, Yamaoka S, Yamamoto N, Yamamoto S, Muta T, Takeda K, Akira S. Regulation of Toll/IL-1-receptor-mediated gene expression by the inducible nuclear protein IkappaBzeta. Nature. 2004 Jul 8;430(6996):218-22.

345. Akira S, Takeda K. Toll-like receptor signalling. Nat Rev Immunol. 2004 Jul;4(7):499-511.

344. Kishino M, Yukawa K, Hoshino K, Kimura A, Shirasawa N, Otani H, Tanaka T, Owada-Makabe K, Tsubota Y, Maeda M, Ichinose M, Takeda K, Akira S, Mune M. Deletion of the kinase domain in death-associated protein kinase attenuates tubular cell apoptosis in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004 Jul;15(7):1826-34.

343. Hemmi H, Takeuchi O, Sato S, Yamamoto M, Kaisho T, Sanjo H, Kawai T, Hoshino K, Takeda K, Akira S. The Roles of Two IkappaB Kinase-related Kinases in Lipopolysaccharide and Double Stranded RNA Signaling and Viral Infection. J Exp Med. 2004 Jun 21;199(12):1641-50.

342. Yoneyama M, Kikuchi M, Natsukawa T, Shinobu N, Imaizumi T, Miyagishi M, Taira K, Akira S, Fujita T. The RNA helicase RIG-I has an essential function in double-stranded RNA-induced innate antiviral responses. Nat Immunol. 2004 Jun 20 [Epub ahead of print]

341. Ozawa Y, Nakao K, Shimazaki T, Takeda J, Akira S, Ishihara K, Hirano T, Oguchi Y, Okano H. Downregulation of STAT3 activation is required for presumptive rod photoreceptor cells to differentiate in the postnatal retina. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2004 Jun;26(2):258-270.

340. Boule MW, Broughton C, Mackay F, Akira S, Marshak-Rothstein A, Rifkin IR. Toll-like Receptor 9-Dependent and -Independent Dendritic Cell Activation by Chromatin-Immunoglobulin G Complexes. J Exp Med. 2004 Jun 14 [Epub ahead of print]

339. Mabuchi T, Kojima H, Abe T, Takagi K, Sakurai M, Ohmiya Y, Uematsu S, Akira S, Watanabe K, Ito S. Membrane-associated prostaglandin E synthase-1 is required for neuropathic pain. Neuroreport. 2004 Jun 28;15(9):1395-1398.

338. Gorogawa S, Fujitani Y, Kaneto H, Hazama Y, Watada H, Miyamoto Y, Takeda K, Akira S, Magnuson MA, Yamasaki Y, Kajimoto Y, Hori M. Insulin secretory defects and impaired islet architecture in pancreatic beta-cell-specific STAT3 knockout mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Jul 9;319(4):1159-70.

337. Nilsen NJ, Nonstad U, Khan N, Knetter CF, Akira S, Sundan A, Espevik T, Lien E. Lipopolysaccharide and double-stranded RNA upregulate toll-like receptor 2 independently of myeloid differentiation factor 88. J Biol Chem. 2004 Jun 9 [Epub ahead of print]

336. Dewi BE, Akira S, Hayashi H, Ba-Thein W. High occurrence of simultaneous mutations in target enzymes and MtrRCDE efflux system in quinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Sex Transm Dis. 2004 Jun;31(6):353-9.

335. Didierlaurent A, Ferrero I, Otten LA, Dubois B, Reinhardt M, Carlsen H, Blomhoff R, Akira S, Kraehenbuhl JP, Sirard JC. Flagellin promotes myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent development of Th2-type response. J Immunol. 2004 Jun 1;172(11):6922-30.

334. Kamei D, Yamakawa K, Takegoshi Y, Mikami-Nakanishi M, Nakatani Y, Oh-Ishi S, Yasui H, Azuma Y, Hirasawa N, Ohuchi K, Kawaguchi H, Ishikawa Y, Ishii T, Uematsu S, Akira S, Murakami M, Kudo I. Reduced pain hypersensitivity and inflammation in mice lacking microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1. J Biol Chem. 2004 May 12 [Epub ahead of print]

333. Okamoto M, Oh-E G, Oshikawa T, Furuichi S, Tano T, Ahmed SU, Akashi S, Miyake K, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Himeno K, Sato M, Ohkubo S. Toll-Like Receptor 4 Mediates the Antitumor Host Response Induced by a 55-Kilodalton Protein Isolated from Aeginetia indica L., a Parasitic Plant. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2004 May;11(3):483-95.

332. Hosoi T, Suzuki S, Nomura J, Ono A, Okuma Y, Akira S, Nomura Y. Bacterial DNA induced iNOS expression through MyD88-p38 MAP kinase in mouse primary cultured glial cells. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2004 May 19;124(2):159-64.

331. Mancuso G, Midiri A, Beninati C, Biondo C, Galbo R, Akira S, Henneke P, Golenbock D, Teti G. Dual role of TLR2 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 in a mouse model of invasive group B streptococcal disease. J Immunol. 2004 May 15;172(10):6324-9.

330. Sakai A, Han J, Cato A, Akira S, Li JD. Glucocorticoids synergize with IL-1b to induce TLR2 expression via MAP Kinase Phosphatase-1-dependent dual Inhibition of MAPK JNK and p38 in epithelial cells. BMC Mol Biol. 2004 May 4 [Epub ahead of print]

329. Qiao H, Sonoda KH, Sassa Y, Hisatomi T, Yoshikawa H, Ikeda Y, Murata T, Akira S, Ishibashi T. Abnormal retinal vascular development in IL-18 knockout mice. Lab Invest. 2004 May 3 [Epub ahead of print]

328. Takeshita K, Yamasaki T, Akira S, Gantner F, Bacon KB. Essential role of MHC II-independent CD4+ T cells, IL-4 and STAT6 in contact hypersensitivity induced by fluorescein isothiocyanate in the mouse. Int Immunol. 2004 May;16(5):685-95. Epub 2004 Mar 29.

327. Pichyangkul S, Yongvanitchit K, Kum-arb U, Hemmi H, Akira S, Krieg AM, Heppner DG, Stewart VA, Hasegawa H, Looareesuwan S, Shanks GD, Miller RS. Malaria blood stage parasites activate human plasmacytoid dendritic cells and murine dendritic cells through a Toll-like receptor 9-dependent pathway. J Immunol. 2004 Apr 15;172(8):4926-33.

326. Dillon S, Agrawal A, Van Dyke T, Landreth G, McCauley L, Koh A, Maliszewski C, Akira S, Pulendran B. A Toll-like receptor 2 ligand stimulates Th2 responses in vivo, via induction of extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Fos in dendritic cells. J Immunol. 2004 Apr 15;172(8):4733-43.

325. Kawakami K, Kinjo Y, Uezu K, Miyagi K, Kinjo T, Yara S, Koguchi Y, Miyazato A, Shibuya K, Iwakura Y, Takeda K, Akira S, Saito A. Interferon-gamma production and host protective response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice lacking both IL-12p40 and IL-18. Microbes Infect. 2004 Apr;6(4):339-49.

324. Ikushima H, Nishida T, Takeda K, Ito T, Yasuda T, Yano M, Akira S, Matsuda H. Expression of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 is downregulated after operation. Surgery. 2004 Apr;135(4):376-85

323. Torres D, Barrier M, Bihl F, Quesniaux VJ, Maillet I, Akira S, Ryffel B, Erard F. Toll-Like Receptor 2 Is Required for Optimal Control of Listeria monocytogenes Infection. Infect Immun. 2004 Apr;72(4):2131-9.

322. Weiss DS, Raupach B, Takeda K, Akira S, Zychlinsky A. Toll-like receptors are temporally involved in host defense. J Immunol. 2004 Apr 1;172(7):4463-9.

321. Takeda K, Akira S. Microbial recognition by Toll-like receptors. J Dermatol Sci. 2004 Apr;34(2):73-82.

320. Gomes MS, Florido M, Cordeiro JV, Teixeira CM, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Appelberg R. Limited role of the Toll-like receptor-2 in resistance to Mycobacterium avium. Immunology. 2004 Feb;111(2):179-85.

319. Yukawa K, Hoshino K, Kishino M, Mune M, Shirasawa N, Kimura A, Tsubota Y, Owada-Makabe K, Tanaka T, Ichinose M, Maeda M, Takeda K, Akira S. Deletion of the kinase domain in death-associated protein kinase attenuates renal tubular cell apoptosis in chronic obstructive uropathy. Int J Mol Med. 2004 Apr;13(4):515-20.

318. Honstettre A, Ghigo E, Moynault A, Capo C, Toman R, Akira S, Takeuchi O, Lepidi H, Raoult D, Mege JL. Lipopolysaccharide from Coxiella burnetii is involved in bacterial phagocytosis, filamentous actin reorganization, and inflammatory responses through Toll-like receptor 4. J Immunol. 2004 Mar 15;172(6):3695-703.

317. Robben PM, Mordue DG, Truscott SM, Takeda K, Akira S, Sibley LD. Production of IL-12 by macrophages infected with Toxoplasma gondii depends on the parasite genotype. J Immunol. 2004 Mar 15;172(6):3686-94.

316. Li Y, Ishii K, Hisaeda H, Hamano S, Zhang M, Nakanishi K, Yoshimoto T, Hemmi H, Takeda K, Akira S, Iwakura Y, Himeno K. IL-18 gene therapy develops Th1-type immune responses in Leishmania major-infected BALB/c mice: is the effect mediated by the CpG signaling TLR9? Gene Ther. 2004 Feb 26 [Epub ahead of print]

315. Knapp S, Wieland CW, van 't Veer C, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Florquin S, van der Poll T. Toll-like receptor 2 plays a role in the early inflammatory response to murine pneumococcal pneumonia but does not contribute to antibacterial defense. J Immunol. 2004 Mar 1;172(5):3132-8.

314. Heil F*, Hemmi H*, Hochrein H, Ampenberger F, Kirschning C, Akira S, Lipford G, Wagner H, Bauer S (*equal contribution). Species-Specific Recognition of Single-Stranded RNA via Toll-like Receptor 7 and 8. Science. 2004 Feb 19 [Epub ahead of print]

313. Diebold SS, Kaisho T, Hemmi H, Akira S, Reis E Sousa C. Innate Antiviral Responses by Means of TLR7-Mediated Recognition of Single-Stranded RNA. Science. 2004 Feb 19 [Epub ahead of print]

312. Shiratsuchi A, Watanabe I, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Nakanishi Y. Inhibitory Effect of Toll-Like Receptor 4 on Fusion between Phagosomes and Endosomes/Lysosomes in Macrophages. J Immunol. 2004 Feb 15;172(4):2039-2047.

311. Rachmilewitz D, Katakura K, Karmeli F, Hayashi T, Reinus C, Rudensky B, Akira S, Takeda K, Lee J, Takabayashi K, Raz E. Toll-like receptor 9 signaling mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics in murine experimental colitis. Gastroenterology. 2004 Feb;126(2):520-8.

310. Zhao H, Hemmi H, Akira S, Cheng SH, Scheule RK, Yew NS. Contribution of Toll-like Receptor 9 Signaling to the Acute Inflammatory Response to Nonviral Vectors. Mol Ther. 2004 Feb;9(2):241-8.

309. Takeda K, Akira S. TLR signaling pathways. Semin Immunol. 2004 Feb;16(1):3-9.

308. Akira S. Toll receptor families: structure and function. Semin Immunol. 2004 Feb;16(1):1-2. No abstract available.

307. Heikenwalder M, Polymenidou M, Junt T, Sigurdson C, Wagner H, Akira S, Zinkernagel R, Aguzzi A. Lymphoid follicle destruction and immunosuppression after repeated CpG oligodeoxynucleotide administration. Nat Med. 2004 Feb;10(2):187-92. Epub 2004 Jan 25.

306. Akazawa T, Masuda H, Saeki Y, Matsumoto M, Takeda K, Tsujimura K, Kuzushima K, Takahashi T, Azuma I, Akira S, Toyoshima K, Seya T. Adjuvant-mediated tumor regression and tumor-specific cytotoxic response are impaired in MyD88-deficient mice. Cancer Res. 2004 Jan 15;64(2):757-64.

305. Campos MA, Closel M, Valente EP, Cardoso JE, Akira S, Alvarez-Leite JI, Ropert C, Gazzinelli RT. Impaired production of proinflammatory cytokines and host resistance to acute infection with Trypanosoma cruzi in mice lacking functional myeloid differentiation factor 88. J Immunol. 2004 Feb 1;172(3):1711-8.

304. Inoue H, Ogawa W, Ozaki M, Haga S, Matsumoto M, Furukawa K, Hashimoto N, Kido Y, Mori T, Sakaue H, Teshigawara K, Jin S, Iguchi H, Hiramatsu R, LeRoith D, Takeda K, Akira S, Kasuga M. Role of STAT-3 in regulation of hepatic gluconeogenic genes and carbohydrate metabolism in vivo. Nat Med. 2004 Feb;10(2):168-74. Epub 2004 Jan 11.

303. Sasaki H, Balto K, Kawashima N, Eastcott J, Hoshino K, Akira S, Stashenko P. Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and IFN-gamma-inducing cytokines interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-18 do not augment infection-stimulated bone resorption in vivo. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2004 Jan;11(1):106-10.

302. Into T, Kiura K, Yasuda M, Kataoka H, Inoue N, Hasebe A, Takeda K, Akira S, Shibata K. Stimulation of human Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR6 with membrane lipoproteins of Mycoplasma fermentans induces apoptotic cell death after NF-kappa B activation. Cell Microbiol. 2004 Feb;6(2):187-99.

301. Hokuto I, Ikegami M, Yoshida M, Takeda K, Akira S, Perl AK, Hull WM, Wert SE, Whitsett JA. Stat-3 is required for pulmonary homeostasis during hyperoxia. J Clin Invest. 2004 Jan;113(1):28-37.

300. Yamamoto M, Takeda K, Akira S. TIR domain-containing adaptors define the specificity of TLR signaling. Mol Immunol. 2004 Feb;40(12):861-8.

299. Kaisho T, Akira S. Regulation of dendritic cell function through toll-like receptors. Curr Mol Med. 2003 Dec;3(8):759-71.

298. Wan J, Sun L, Mendoza JW, Chui YL, Huang DP, Chen ZJ, Suzuki N, Suzuki S, Yeh WC, Akira S, Matsumoto K, Liu ZG, Wu Z. Elucidation of the c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Pathway Mediated by Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded Latent Membrane Protein 1. Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Jan 1;24(1):192-199.

297. Luftig M, Prinarakis E, Yasui T, Tsichritzis T, Cahir-McFarland E, Inoue JI, Nakano H, Mak TW, Yeh WC, Li X, Akira S, Suzuki N, Suzuki S, Mosialos G, Kieff E. Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 activation of NF-{kappa}B through IRAK1 and TRAF6. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Dec 12 [Epub ahead of print]

296. Serbina NV, Kuziel W, Flavell R, Akira S, Rollins B, Pamer EG. Sequential MyD88-Independent and -Dependent Activation of Innate Immune Responses to Intracellular Bacterial Infection. Immunity. 2003 Dec;19(6):891-901.

295. Shishido T, Nozaki N, Yamaguchi S, Shibata Y, Nitobe J, Miyamoto T, Takahashi H, Arimoto T, Maeda K, Yamakawa M, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Takeishi Y, Kubota I. Toll-like receptor-2 modulates ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2003 Dec 9;108(23):2905-10. Epub 2003 Dec 01.

294. Sugawara I, Yamada H, Mizuno S, Takeda K, Akira S. Mycobacterial Infection in MyD88-Deficient Mice. Microbiol Immunol. 2003;47(11):841-7.

293. Misra A, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Mann D, Vallejo J. Functional significance of toll-like receptor-2 mediated signaling in the heart following acute ischemia/infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003 Mar 19;41(6 Suppl B):372.

292. Iiyama R, Kanai T, Uraushihara K, Ishikura T, Makita S, Totsuka T, Yamazaki M, Nakamura T, Miyata T, Yoshida H, Takeuchi O, Hoshino K, Takeda K, Ishikawa H, Akira S, Watanabe M. Normal Development of the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Except Peyer's Patch in MyD88-Deficient Mice. Scand J Immunol. 2003 Dec;58(6):620-627.

291. Matsukawa A, Takeda K, Kudo S, Maeda T, Kagayama M, Akira S. Aberrant Inflammation and Lethality to Septic Peritonitis in Mice Lacking STAT3 in Macrophages and Neutrophils. J Immunol. 2003 Dec 1;171(11):6198-205.

290. Joosten LA, Koenders MI, Smeets RL, Heuvelmans-Jacobs M, Helsen MM, Takeda K, Akira S, Lubberts E, Van De Loo FA, Van Den Berg WB. Toll-like receptor 2 pathway drives streptococcal cell wall-induced joint inflammation: critical role of myeloid differentiation factor 88. J Immunol. 2003 Dec 1;171(11):6145-53.

289.: Suzuki N, Suzuki S, Eriksson U, Hara H, Mirtosis C, Chen NJ, Wada T, Bouchard D, Hwang I, Takeda K, Fujita T, Der S, Penninger JM, Akira S, Saito T, Yeh WC. IL-1R-Associated Kinase 4 Is Required for Lipopolysaccharide- Induced Activation of APC. J Immunol. 2003 Dec 1;171(11):6065-6071.

288. Akira S, Sato S. Toll-like receptors and their signaling mechanisms. Scand J Infect Dis. 2003;35(9):555-62.

287. Schirmbeck R, Riedl P, Zurbriggen R, Akira S, Reimann J. Antigenic Epitopes Fused to Cationic Peptide Bound to Oligonucleotides Facilitate Toll-Like Receptor 9-Dependent, but CD4(+) T Cell Help-Independent, Priming of CD8(+) T Cells. J Immunol. 2003 Nov 15;171(10):5198-207.

286. Heil F, Ahmad-Nejad P, Hemmi H, Hochrein H, Ampenberger F, Gellert T, Dietrich H, Lipford G, Takeda K, Akira S, Wagner H, Bauer S. The Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-specific stimulus loxoribine uncovers a strong relationship within the TLR7, 8 and 9 subfamily. Eur J Immunol. 2003 Nov;33(11):2987-97.

285. Krug A, Luker GD, Barchet W, Leib DA, Akira S, Colonna M. Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) activates murine Natural Interferon-Producing cells (IPC) through Toll-Like Receptor 9. Blood. 2003 Oct 16 [Epub ahead of print]

284. Yamamoto M, Sato S, Hemmi H, Uematsu S, Hoshino K, Kaisho T, Takeuchi O, Takeda K, Akira S. TRAM is specifically involved in the Toll-like receptor 4-mediated MyD88-independent signaling pathway. Nat Immunol. 2003 Oct 12 [Epub ahead of print]

283. Takahasi K, Suzuki NN, Horiuchi M, Mori M, Suhara W, Okabe Y, Fukuhara Y, Terasawa H, Akira S, Fujita T, Inagaki F. X-ray crystal structure of IRF-3 and its functional implications. Nat Struct Biol. 2003 Oct 12 [Epub ahead of print]

282. Sato S, Sugiyama M, Yamamoto M, Watanabe Y, Kawai T, Takeda K, Akira S. Toll/IL-1 Receptor Domain-Containing Adaptor Inducing IFN-beta (TRIF) Associates with TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6 and TANK-Binding Kinase 1, and Activates Two Distinct Transcription Factors, NF-kappaB and IFN-Regulatory Factor-3, in the Toll-Like Receptor Signaling. J Immunol. 2003 Oct 15;171(8):4304-10.

281. Haga S, Terui K, Zhang HQ, Enosawa S, Ogawa W, Inoue H, Okuyama T, Takeda K, Akira S, Ogino T, Irani K, Ozaki M. Stat3 protects against Fas-induced liver injury by redox-dependent and -independent mechanisms. J Clin Invest. 2003 Oct 1;112(7):989-998.

280. Shi S, Nathan C, Schnappinger D, Drenkow J, Fuortes M, Block E, Ding A, Gingeras TR, Schoolnik G, Akira S, Takeda K, Ehrt S. MyD88 Primes Macrophages for Full-Scale Activation by Interferon-{gamma} yet Mediates Few Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Exp Med. 2003 Sep 29 [Epub ahead of print]

279. Weijer S, Sewnath ME, De Vos AF, Florquin S, Van Der Sluis K, Gouma DJ, Takeda K, Akira S, Van Der Poll T. Interleukin-18 Facilitates the Early Antimicrobial Host Response to Escherichia coli Peritonitis. Infect Immun. 2003 Oct;71(10):5488-5497.

278. Cheng F, Wang HW, Cuenca A, Huang M, Ghansah T, Brayer J, Kerr WG, Takeda K, Akira S, Schoenberger SP, Yu H, Jove R, Sotomayor EM. A critical role for stat3 signaling in immune tolerance. Immunity. 2003 Sep;19(3):425-36.

277. Honda K, Sakaguchi S, Nakajima C, Watanabe A, Yanai H, Matsumoto M, Ohteki T, Kaisho T, Takaoka A, Akira S, Seya T, Taniguchi T. Selective contribution of IFN-{alpha}/{beta} signaling to the maturation of dendritic cells induced by double-stranded RNA or viral infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Sep 5 [Epub ahead of print]

276. Shibue T, Takeda K, Oda E, Tanaka H, Murasawa H, Takaoka A, Morishita Y, Akira S, Taniguchi T, Tanaka N. Integral role of Noxa in p53-mediated apoptotic response. Genes Dev. 2003 Sep 2 [Epub ahead of print]

275. Takagi H, Kanai T, Okazawa A, Kishi Y, Sato T, Takaishi H, Inoue N, Ogata H, Iwao Y, Hoshino K, Takeda K, Akira S, Watanabe M, Ishii H, Hibi T. Contrasting action of IL-12 and IL-18 in the development of dextran sodium sulphate colitis in mice. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2003 Aug;38(8):837-44.

274. Marr KA, Arunmozhi Balajee S, Hawn TR, Ozinsky A, Pham U, Akira S, Aderem A, Conrad Liles W. Differential role of MyD88 in macrophage-mediated responses to opportunistic fungal pathogens. Infect Immun. 2003 Sep;71(9):5280-6.

273. Kawai T, Akira S, Reed JC. ZIP Kinase Triggers Apoptosis from Nuclear PML Oncogenic Domains. Mol Cell Biol. 2003 Sep;23(17):6174-86.

272. Mun HS, Aosai F, Norose K, Chen M, Piao LX, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Ishikura H, Yano A. TLR2 as an essential molecule for protective immunity against Toxoplasma gondii infection. Int Immunol. 2003 Sep;15(9):1081-1087.

271. Kuwata H, Watanabe Y, Miyoshi H, Yamamoto M, Kaisho T, Takeda K, Akira S. IL-10-inducible Bcl-3 negatively regulates LPS-induced TNF-{alpha} production in macrophages. Blood. 2003 Aug 7 [Epub ahead of print]

270. Ebisuno Y, Tanaka T, Kanemitsu N, Kanda H, Yamaguchi K, Kaisho T, Akira S, Miyasaka M. Cutting Edge: The B Cell Chemokine CXC Chemokine Ligand 13/B Lymphocyte Chemoattractant Is Expressed in the High Endothelial Venules of Lymph Nodes and Peyer's Patches and Affects B Cell Trafficking Across High Endothelial Venules. J Immunol. 2003 Aug 15;171(4):1642-1646.

269. Lund J, Sato A, Akira S, Medzhitov R, Iwasaki A. Toll-like Receptor 9-mediated Recognition of Herpes Simplex Virus-2 by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. J Exp Med. 2003 Aug 4;198(3):513-20.

268. Akira S. Toll-like receptor signaling. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jul 30 [Epub ahead of print]

267. Uehori J, Matsumoto M, Tsuji S, Akazawa T, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Kawata T, Azuma I, Toyoshima K, Seya T. Simultaneous Blocking of Human Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 Suppresses Myeloid Dendritic Cell Activation Induced by Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Peptidoglycan. Infect Immun. 2003 Aug;71(8):4238-4249.

266. Yamamoto M, Sato S, Hemmi H, Hoshino K, Kaisho T, Sanjo H, Takeuchi O, Sugiyama M, Okabe M, Takeda K, Akira S. Role of Adaptor TRIF in the MyD88-Independent Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathway. Science. 2003 Aug 1;301(5633):640-3.

265. Tamai R, Sugawara S, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Takada H. Synergistic effects of lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma in inducing interleukin-8 production in human monocytic THP-1 cells is accompanied by up-regulation of CD14, Toll-like receptor 4, MD-2 and MyD88 expression. J Endotoxin Res. 2003;9(3):145-53.

264. Elhage R, Jawien J, Rudling M, Ljunggren HG, Takeda K, Akira S, Bayard F, Hansson GK. Reduced atherosclerosis in interleukin-18 deficient apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. Cardiovasc Res. 2003 Jul 1;59(1):234-240.

263. Sugawara I, Yamada H, Li C, Mizuno S, Takeuchi O, Akira S. Mycobacterial infection in TLR2 and TLR6 knockout mice. Microbiol Immunol. 2003;47(5):327-36.

262. Jouault T, Ibata-Ombetta S, Takeuchi O, Trinel PA, Sacchetti P, Lefebvre P, Akira S, Poulain D. Candida albicans Phospholipomannan Is Sensed through Toll-Like Receptors. J Infect Dis. 2003 Jul 1;188(1):165-72.

261. Kojima E, Takeuchi A, Haneda M, Yagi F, Hasegawa T, Yamaki KI, Takeda K, Akira S, Shimokata K, Isobe KI. The function of GADD34 is a recovery from a shutoff of protein synthesis induced by ER stress-elucidation by GADD34-deficient mice. FASEB J. 2003 Aug;17(11):1573-5.

260. Akira S, Hoshino K. Myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent and -independent pathways in toll-like receptor signaling. J Infect Dis. 2003 Jun 15;187 Suppl 2:S356-63.

259. Yokozeki H, Wu MH, Sumi K, Igawa K, Miyazaki Y, Katayama I, Takeda K, Akira S, Nishioka K. Th2 cytokines, IgE and mast cells play a crucial role in the induction of para-phenylenediamine-induced contact hypersensitivity in mice. Clin Exp Immunol. 2003 Jun;132(3):385-392.

258. Kaisho T, Akira S. Regulation of dendritic cell function through Toll-like receptors. Curr Mol Med. 2003 Jun;3(4):373-85.

257. Akira S, Yamamoto M, Takeda K. Role of adapters in Toll-like receptor signalling. Biochem Soc Trans. 2003 Jun;31(3):637-42.

256. Liu N, Ohnishi N, Ni L, Akira S, Bacon KB. CpG directly induces T-bet expression and inhibits Ig(gamma1) and Ig(epsilon) switching in B cells. Nat Immunol. 2003 Jul;4(7):687-93.

255. Yasukawa H, Ohishi M, Mori H, Murakami M, Chinen T, Aki D, Hanada T, Takeda K, Akira S, Hoshijima M, Hirano T, Chien KR, Yoshimura A. IL-6 induces an anti-inflammatory response in the absence of SOCS3 in macrophages. Nat Immunol. 2003 Jun;4(6):551-6.

254. Goldstein DR, Tesar BM, Akira S, Lakkis FG. Critical role of the Toll-like receptor signal adaptor protein MyD88 in acute allograft rejection. J Clin Invest. 2003 May;111(10):1571-8.

253. Zwijnenburg PJ, van der Poll T, Florquin S, Akira S, Takeda K, Roord JJ, van Furth AM. Interleukin-18 gene-deficient mice show enhanced defense and reduced inflammation during pneumococcal meningitis. J Neuroimmunol. 2003 May;138(1-2):31-7.

252. Kobayashi M, Kweon MN, Kuwata H, Schreiber RD, Kiyono H, Takeda K, Akira S. Toll-like receptor-dependent production of IL-12p40 causes chronic enterocolitis in myeloid cell-specific Stat3-deficient mice. J Clin Invest. 2003 May 1;111(9):1297-1308.

251. Gantner BN, Simmons RM, Canavera SJ, Akira S, Underhill DM. Collaborative Induction of Inflammatory Responses by Dectin-1 and Toll-like Receptor 2. J Exp Med. 2003 May 5;197(9):1107-17.

250. Yazawa N, Fujimoto M, Sato S, Miyake K, Asano N, Nagai Y, Takeuchi O, Takeda K, Okochi H, Akira S, Tedder TF, Tamaki K. CD19 regulates innate immunity by the toll-like receptor RP105 signaling in B lymphocytes. Blood. 2003 Aug 15;102(4):1374-80.

249. Datta SK, Redecke V, Prilliman KR, Takabayashi K, Corr M, Tallant T, DiDonato J, Dziarski R, Akira S, Schoenberger SP, Raz E. A Subset of Toll-Like Receptor Ligands Induces Cross-presentation by Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells. J Immunol. 2003 Apr 15;170(8):4102-4110.

248. Takeda K, Takeuchi O, Akira S. Recognition of lipopeptides by Toll-like receptors. J Endotoxin Res. 2002;8(6):459-63.

247. Krutzik SR, Ochoa MT, Sieling PA, Uematsu S, Ng YW, Legaspi A, Liu PT, Cole ST, Godowski PJ, Maeda Y, Sarno EN, Norgard MV, Brennan PJ, Akira S, Rea TH, Modlin RL. Activation and regulation of Toll-like receptors 2 and 1 in human leprosy. Nat Med. 2003 May;9(5):525-32.

246. Edwards AD, Diebold SS, Slack EM, Tomizawa H, Hemmi H, Kaisho T, Akira S, Sousa CR. Toll-like receptor expression in murine DC subsets: lack of TLR7 expression by CD8alpha+ DC correlates with unresponsiveness to imidazoquinolines. Eur J Immunol. 2003 Apr;33(4):827-33.

245. Schultz MJ, Knapp S, Florquin S, Pater J, Takeda K, Akira S, Van Der Poll T. Interleukin-18 Impairs the Pulmonary Host Response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infect Immun. 2003 Apr;71(4):1630-1634.

244. Aosai F, Chen M, Kang HK, Mun HS, Norose K, Piao LX, Kobayashi M, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Yano A. Toxoplasma gondii-derived heat shock protein HSP70 functions as a B cell mitogen. Cell Stress Chaperones. 2002 Oct;7(4):357-64.

243. Akira S. Mammalian Toll-like receptors. Curr Opin Immunol. 2003 Apr;15(2):238. No abstract available.

242. Hemmi H, Kaisho T, Takeda K, Akira S. The Roles of Toll-Like Receptor 9, MyD88, and DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunit in the Effects of Two Distinct CpG DNAs on Dendritic Cell Subsets. J Immunol. 2003 Mar 15;170(6):3059-3064.

241. Hazeki K, Masuda N, Funami K, Sukenobu N, Matsumoto M, Akira S, Takeda K, Seya T, Hazeki O. Toll-like receptor-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin via MyD88-dependent and -independent pathways. Eur J Immunol. 2003 Mar;33(3):740-7.

240. Takeda K, Akira S. Toll receptors and pathogen resistance. Cell Microbiol. 2003 Mar;5(3):143-53.

239. Prinz M, Heikenwalder M, Schwarz P, Takeda K, Akira S, Aguzzi A. Prion pathogenesis in the absence of Toll-like receptor signalling. EMBO Rep. 2003 Feb;4(2):195-9.

238. Okamoto M, Oshikawa T, Tano T, Ohe G, Furuichi S, Nishikawa H, Ahmed SU, Akashi S, Miyake K, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Moriya Y, Matsubara S, Ryoma Y, Saito M, Sato M. Involvement of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling in Interferon-gamma Production and Antitumor Effect by Streptococcal Agent OK-432. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003 Feb 19;95(4):316-26.

237. Muraoka O, Xu B, Tsurumaki T, Akira S, Yamaguchi T, Higuchi H. Leptin-induced transactivation of NPY gene promoter mediated by JAK1, JAK2 and STAT3 in the neural cell lines. Neurochem Int. 2003 Jun;42(7):591-601.

236. Tsuji RF, Hoshino K, Noro Y, Tsuji NM, Kurokawa T, Masuda T, Akira S, Nowak B. Suppression of allergic reaction by lambda-carrageenan: Toll-like receptor 4/MyD88-dependent and -independent modulation of immunity. Clin Exp Allergy. 2003 Feb;33(2):249-258.

235. Sanjo H, Takeda K, Tsujimura T, Ninomiya-Tsuji J, Matsumoto K, Akira S. TAB2 Is Essential for Prevention of Apoptosis in Fetal Liver but Not for Interleukin-1 Signaling. Mol Cell Biol. 2003 Feb 15;23(4):1231-1238.

234. Akira S, Hemmi H. Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by TLR family. Immunol Lett. 2003 Jan 22;85(2):85-95.

233. Takeda K, Kaisho T, Akira S. Toll-Like Receptors. Annu Rev Immunol. 2003;21:335-76.

232. Okuda Y, Takahashi I, Kim JK, Ohta N, Iwatani K, Iijima H, Kai Y, Tamagawa H, Hiroi T, Kweon MN, Kawano S, Takeda K, Akira S, Sasaki Y, Hori M, Kiyono H. Development of Colitis in Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 6-Deficient T-Cell Receptor alpha-Deficient Mice: A Potential Role of Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 6-Independent Interleukin-4 Signaling for the Generation of Th2-Biased Pathological CD4(+)betabetaT Cells. Am J Pathol. 2003 Jan;162(1):263-271.

231. Akira S. Mammalian Toll-like receptors. Curr Opin Immunol. 2003 Feb;15(1):5-11.

230. Girard R, Pedron T, Uematsu S, Balloy V, Chignard M, Akira S, Chaby R. Lipopolysaccharides from Legionella and Rhizobium stimulate mouse bone marrow granulocytes via Toll-like receptor 2. J Cell Sci. 2003 Jan 15;116(Pt 2):293-302.

229. Yamamoto M*, Sato S*, Mori K, Hoshino K, Takeuchi O, Takeda K, Akira S (*equal contribution). Cutting Edge: A Novel Toll/IL-1 Receptor Domain-Containing Adapter That Preferentially Activates the IFN-beta Promoter in the Toll-Like Receptor Signaling. J Immunol. 2002 Dec 15;169(12):6668-72.

228. Takeuchi O, Akira S. MyD88 as a bottle neck in Toll/IL-1 signaling. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2002;270:155-67.

227. Yamamoto M, Sato S, Hemmi H, Sanjo H, Uematsu S, Kaisho T, Hoshino K, Takeuchi O, Kobayashi M, Fujita T, Takeda K, Akira S. Essential role for TIRAP in activation of the signalling cascade shared by TLR2 and TLR4. Nature. 2002 Nov 21;420(6913):324-329.

226. Chen M, Aosai F, Norose K, Mun HS, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Yano A. Involvement of MyD88 in host defense and the down-regulation of anti-heat shock protein 70 autoantibody formation by MyD88 in Toxoplasma gondii-infected mice. J Parasitol. 2002 Oct;88(5):1017-9.

225. Nakagawa R, Naka T, Tsutsui H, Fujimoto M, Kimura A, Abe T, Seki E, Sato S, Takeuchi O, Takeda K, Akira S, Yamanishi K, Kawase I, Nakanishi K, Kishimoto T. SOCS-1 Participates in Negative Regulation of LPS Responses. Immunity. 2002 Nov;17(5):677-87.

224. Morr M, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Simon MM, Muhlradt PF. Differential recognition of structural details of bacterial lipopeptides by toll-like receptors. Eur J Immunol. 2002 Dec;32(12):3337-47.

223. Ogawa T, Asai Y, Hashimoto M, Takeuchi O, Kurita T, Yoshikai Y, Miyake K, Akira S. Cell activation by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipid A molecule through Toll-like receptor 4- and myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent signaling pathway. Int Immunol. 2002 Nov;14(11):1325-1332.

222. Shimizu H, Matsuguchi T, Fukuda Y, Nakano I, Hayakawa T, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Umemura M, Suda T, Yoshikai Y. Toll-like receptor 2 contributes to liver injury by Salmonella infection through Fas ligand expression on NKT cells in mice. Gastroenterology. 2002 Oct;123(4):1265-1277.

221. Imasato A, Desbois-Mouthon C, Han J, Kai H, Cato AC, Akira S, Li JD. Inhibition of p38 MAPK by glucocorticoids via induction of MAP kinase phosphatase-1 enhance nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae-induced expression of toll-like receptor 2. J Biol Chem. 2002 Dec 6;277(49):47444-47450.

220. Hoshino K, Kaisho T, Iwabe T, Takeuchi O, Akira S. Differential involvement of IFN-beta in Toll-like receptor-stimulated dendritic cell activation. Int Immunol. 2002 Oct;14(10):1225-1231.

219. Hawn T, Ozinsky A, Underhill D, Buckner F, Akira S, Aderem A. Leishmania major activates IL-1alpha expression in macrophages through a MyD88-dependent pathway. Microbes Infect. 2002 Jul;4(8):763.

218. Henneke P, Takeuchi O, Malley R, Lien E, Ingalls RR, Freeman MW, Mayadas T, Nizet V, Akira S, Kasper DL, Golenbock DT. Cellular Activation, Phagocytosis, and Bactericidal Activity Against Group B Streptococcus Involve Parallel Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88-Dependent and Independent Signaling Pathways. J Immunol. 2002 Oct 1;169(7):3970-3977.

217. Seki E, Tsutsui H, Tsuji NM, Hayashi N, Adachi K, Nakano H, Futatsugi-Yumikura S, Takeuchi O, Hoshino K, Akira S, Fujimoto J, Nakanishi K. Critical Roles of Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88-Dependent Proinflammatory Cytokine Release in Early Phase Clearance of Listeria monocytogenes in Mice. J Immunol. 2002 Oct 1;169(7):3863-3868.

216. Edwards AD, Manickasingham SP, Sporri R, Diebold SS, Schulz O, Sher A, Kaisho T, Akira S, Reis E Sousa C. Microbial Recognition Via Toll-Like Receptor-Dependent and -Independent Pathways Determines the Cytokine Response of Murine Dendritic Cell Subsets to CD40 Triggering. J Immunol. 2002 Oct 1;169(7):3652-3660.

215. Mallat Z, Silvestre JS, Le Ricousse-Roussanne S, Lecomte-Raclet L, Corbaz A, Clergue M, Duriez M, Barateau V, Akira S, Tedgui A, Tobelem G, Chvatchko Y, Levy BI. Interleukin-18/interleukin-18 binding protein signaling modulates ischemia-induced neovascularization in mice hindlimb. Circ Res. 2002 Sep 6;91(5):441-8.

214. Yamao T, Noguchi T, Takeuchi O, Nishiyama U, Morita H, Hagiwara T, Akahori H, Kato T, Inagaki K, Okazawa H, Hayashi Y, Matozaki T, Takeda K, Akira S, Kasuga M. Negative regulation of platelet clearance and of the macrophage phagocytic response by the transmembrane glycoprotein SHPS-1. J Biol Chem. 2002 Oct 18;277(42):39833-9.

213. Tsuboi N, Yoshikai Y, Matsuo S, Kikuchi T, Iwami KI, Nagai Y, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Matsuguchi T. Roles of Toll-Like Receptors in C-C Chemokine Production by Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells. J Immunol. 2002 Aug 15;169(4):2026-2033.

212. Konishi H, Tsutsui H, Murakami T, Yumikura-Futatsugi S, Yamanaka K, Tanaka M, Iwakura Y, Suzuki N, Takeda K, Akira S, Nakanishi K, Mizutani H. IL-18 contributes to the spontaneous development of atopic dermatitis-like inflammatory skin lesion independently of IgE/stat6 under specific pathogen-free conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Aug 20;99(17):11340-5.

211. Kim J, Ochoa MT, Krutzik SR, Takeuchi O, Uematsu S, Legaspi AJ, Brightbill HD, Holland D, Cunliffe WJ, Akira S, Sieling PA, Godowski PJ, Modlin RL. Activation of Toll-Like Receptor 2 in Acne Triggers Inflammatory Cytokine Responses. J Immunol. 2002 Aug 1;169(3):1535-1541.

210. Takeuchi O, Akira S. Genetic approaches to the study of Toll-like receptor function. Microbes Infect. 2002 Jul;4(9):887-895.

209. Wang T, Lafuse WP, Takeda K, Akira S, Zwilling BS. Rapid Chromatin Remodeling of Toll-Like Receptor 2 Promoter During Infection of Macrophages with Mycobacterium avium. J Immunol. 2002 Jul 15;169(2):795-801.

208. Sato S, Takeuchi O, Fujita T, Tomizawa H, Takeda K, Akira S. A variety of microbial components induce tolerance to lipopolysaccharide by differentially affecting MyD88-dependent and -independent pathways. Int Immunol. 2002 Jul;14(7):783-791.

207. Kaisho T, Hoshino K, Iwabe T, Takeuchi O, Yasui T, Akira S. Endotoxin can induce MyD88-deficient dendritic cells to support T(h)2 cell differentiation. Int Immunol. 2002 Jul;14(7):695-700.

206. Suzuki K, Nakajima H, Kagami SI, Suto A, Ikeda K, Hirose K, Hiwasa T, Takeda K, Saito Y, Akira S, Iwamoto I. Proteolytic Processing of Stat6 Signaling in Mast Cells as a Negative Regulatory Mechanism. J Exp Med. 2002 Jul 1;196(1):27-38.

205. Flo TH, Ryan L, Latz E, Takeuchi O, Monks BG, Lien E, Halaas O, Akira S, Skjak-Brak G, Golenbock DT, Espevik T. Involvement of Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 in Cell Activation by Mannuronic Acid Polymers. J Biol Chem. 2002 Sep 20;277(38):35489-35495.

204. Kinjo Y, Kawakami K, Uezu K, Yara S, Miyagi K, Koguchi Y, Hoshino T, Okamoto M, Kawase Y, Yokota K, Yoshino K, Takeda K, Akira S, Saito A. Contribution of IL-18 to Th1 Response and Host Defense Against Infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Comparative Study with IL-12p40. J Immunol. 2002 Jul 1;169(1):323-329.

203. Takeuchi O, Sato S, Horiuchi T, Hoshino K, Takeda K, Dong Z, Modlin RL, Akira S. Cutting Edge: Role of Toll-Like Receptor 1 in Mediating Immune Response to Microbial Lipoproteins. J Immunol. 2002 Jul 1;169(1):10-14.

202. Nagai Y, Akashi S, Nagafuku M, Ogata M, Iwakura Y, Akira S, Kitamura T, Kosugi A, Kimoto M, Miyake K. Essential role of MD-2 in LPS responsiveness and TLR4 distribution. Nat Immunol. 2002 Jul;3(7):667-72.

201. Kimura-Shimmyo A, Kashiwamura SI, Ueda H, Ikeda T, Kanno S, Akira S, Nakanishi K, Mimura O, Okamura H. Cytokine-Induced Injury of the Lacrimal and Salivary Glands. J Immunother. 2002 Mar;25 Suppl 1:S42-S51.

200. Ito T, Amakawa R, Kaisho T, Hemmi H, Tajima K, Uehira K, Ozaki Y, Tomizawa H, Akira S, Fukuhara S. Interferon-alpha and Interleukin-12 Are Induced Differentially by Toll-like Receptor 7 Ligands in Human Blood Dendritic Cell Subsets. J Exp Med. 2002 Jun 3;195(11):1507-1512.

199. Uematsu S, Matsumoto M, Takeda K, Akira S. Lipopolysaccharide-Dependent Prostaglandin E(2) Production Is Regulated by the Glutathione-Dependent Prostaglandin E(2) Synthase Gene Induced by the Toll-Like Receptor 4/MyD88/NF-IL6 Pathway. J Immunol. 2002 Jun 1;168(11):5811-5816.

198. Supajatura V, Ushio H, Nakao A, Akira S, Okumura K, Ra C, Ogawa H. Differential responses of mast cell Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in allergy and innate immunity. J Clin Invest. 2002 May 15;109(10):1351-1359.

197. Coelho PS, Klein A, Talvani A, Coutinho SF, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Silva JS, Canizzaro H, Gazzinelli RT, Teixeira MM. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored mucin-like glycoproteins isolated from Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes induce in vivo leukocyte recruitment dependent on MCP-1 production by IFN-gamma-primed-macrophages. J Leukoc Biol. 2002 May;71(5):837-844.

196. Kaisho T, Akira S. Toll-like receptors as adjuvant receptors. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002 Feb 13;1589(1):1-13.

195. Yamazaki T, Takeda K, Gotoh K, Takeshima H, Akira S, Kurosaki T. Essential Immunoregulatory Role for BCAP in B Cell Development and Function. J Exp Med. 2002 Mar 4;195(5):535-545.

194. Shuto T, Imasato A, Jono H, Sakai A, Xu H, Watanabe T, Rixter DR, Kai H, Andalibi A, Linthicum F, Guan YL, Han J, Cato AC, Lim DJ, Akira S, Li JD. Glucocorticoids synergistically enhance nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae-induced Toll-like receptor 2 expression via a negative cross-talk with p38 MAP kinase. J Biol Chem. 2002 May 10;277(19):17263-70.

193. Takeda K, Akira S. Regulation of innate immune responses by Toll-like receptors. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2001 Dec;54(6):209-19.

192. Oyadomari S, Koizumi A, Takeda K, Gotoh T, Akira S, Araki E, Mori M. Targeted disruption of the Chop gene delays endoplasmic reticulum stress--mediated diabetes. J Clin Invest. 2002 Feb 15;109(4):525-532.

191. Tamai R, Sakuta T, Matsushita K, Torii M, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Akashi S, Espevik T, Sugawara S, Takada H. Human Gingival CD14(+) Fibroblasts Primed with Gamma Interferon Increase Production of Interleukin-8 in Response to Lipopolysaccharide through Up-Regulation of Membrane CD14 and MyD88 mRNA Expression. Infect Immun. 2002 Mar;70(3):1272-1278.

190. Toda K, Takeda K, Akira S, Saibara T, Okada T, Onishi S, Shizuta Y. Alternations in hepatic expression of fatty-acid metabolizing enzymes in ArKO mice and their reversal by the treatment with 17?-estradiol or a peroxisome proliferator. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2001 Dec;79(1-5):11-17.

189. Okamoto M, Kato S, Oizumi K, Kinoshita M, Inoue Y, Hoshino K, Akira S, McKenzie AN, Young HA, Hoshino T. Interleukin 18 (IL-18) in synergy with IL-2 induces lethal lung injury in mice: a potential role for cytokines, chemokines, and natural killer cells in the pathogenesis of interstitial pneumonia. Blood. 2002 Feb 15;99(4):1289-1298.

188. Schweizer U, Gunnersen J, Karch C, Wiese S, Holtmann B, Takeda K, Akira S, Sendtner M. Conditional gene ablation of Stat3 reveals differential signaling requirements for survival of motoneurons during development and after nerve injury in the adult. J Cell Biol. 2002 Jan 21;156(2):287-98.

187. Hemmi H, Kaisho T, Takeuchi O, Sato S, Sanjo H, Hoshino K, Horiuchi T, Tomizawa H, Takeda K, Akira S. Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cells via the TLR7 MyD88-dependent signaling pathway. Nat Immunol. 2002 Feb;3(2):196-200.

186. Lauw FN, Branger J, Florquin S, Speelman P, van Deventer SJ, Akira S, van der Poll T. IL-18 improves the early antimicrobial host response to pneumococcal pneumonia. J Immunol. 2002 Jan 1;168(1):372-8.

185 Akira S.@[Endoscopic Surgery in Obstetric and Gynecologic Fields]@J Nippon Med Sch. 2001 Dec 15;68(6):524-529. Japanese. No abstract available.

184. Kaisho T, Akira S. Bug detectors. Nature. 2001 Dec 13;414(6865):701-703. No abstract available.

183. Henneke P, Takeuchi O, van Strijp JA, Guttormsen HK, Smith JA, Schromm AB, Espevik TA, Akira S, Nizet V, Kasper DL, Golenbock DT. Novel Engagement of CD14 and Multiple Toll-Like Receptors by Group B Streptococci. J Immunol. 2001 Dec 15;167(12):7069-7076.

182. Takeda K, Akira S. Multi-functional roles of Stat3 revealed by conditional gene targeting. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2001;49(4):279-83.

181. Nomi M, Oishi I, Kani S, Suzuki H, Matsuda T, Yoda A, Kitamura M, Itoh K, Takeuchi S, Takeda K, Akira S, Ikeya M, Takada S, Minami Y. Loss of mRor1 Enhances the Heart and Skeletal Abnormalities in mRor2-Deficient Mice: Redundant and Pleiotropic Functions of mRor1 and mRor2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases. Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Dec;21(24):8329-35.

180. Adachi K, Tsutsui H, Kashiwamura SI, Seki E, Nakano H, Takeuchi O, Takeda K, Okumura K, Van Kaer L, Okamura H, Akira S, Nakanishi K. Plasmodium berghei Infection in Mice Induces Liver Injury by an IL-12- and Toll-Like Receptor/Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88-Dependent Mechanism. J Immunol. 2001 Nov 15;167(10):5928-5934.

179. Kawai T, Takeuchi O, Fujita T, Inoue Ji J, Muhlradt PF, Sato S, Hoshino K, Akira S. Lipopolysaccharide Stimulates the MyD88-Independent Pathway and Results in Activation of IFN-Regulatory Factor 3 and the Expression of a Subset of Lipopolysaccharide-Inducible Genes. J Immunol. 2001 Nov 15;167(10):5887-5894.

178. Kawakami K, Kinjo Y, Yara S, Uezu K, Koguchi Y, Tohyama M, Azuma M, Takeda K, Akira S, Saito A. Enhanced Gamma Interferon Production through Activation of Valpha14(+) Natural Killer T Cells by alpha-Galactosylceramide in Interleukin-18-Deficient Mice with Systemic Cryptococcosis. Infect Immun. 2001 Nov;69(11):6643-50.

177. Kawashima T, Murata K, Akira S, Tonozuka Y, Minoshima Y, Feng S, Kumagai H, Tsuruga H, Ikeda Y, Asano S, Nosaka T, Kitamura T. STAT5 Induces Macrophage Differentiation of M1 Leukemia Cells Through Activation of IL-6 Production Mediated by NF-kappaB p65. J Immunol. 2001 Oct 1;167(7):3652-3660.

176. Akira S. [Bacterial infections and toll-like receptors]. Kekkaku. 2001 Aug;76(8):593-600. Japanese.

175. Takeda K, Akira S. Roles of Toll-like receptors in innate immune responses. Genes Cells. 2001 Sep;6(9):733-42.

174. Schnare M, Barton GM, Holt AC, Takeda K, Akira S, Medzhitov R. Toll-like receptors control activation of adaptive immune responses. Nat Immunol. 2001 Sep 4 [epub ahead of print]

173. Oyadomari S, Takeda K, Takiguchi M, Gotoh T, Matsumoto M, Wada I, Akira S, Araki E, Mori M. Nitric oxide-induced apoptosis in pancreatic beta cells is mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Aug 28 [epub ahead of print]

172. Kaisho T, Akira S. Toll-like receptors and their signaling mechanism in innate immunity. Acta Odontol Scand. 2001 Jun;59(3):124-30.

171. Byrd-Leifer CA, Block EF, Takeda K, Akira S, Ding A. The role of MyD88 and TLR4 in the LPS-mimetic activity of Taxol. Eur J Immunol. 2001 Aug;31(8):2448-57.

170. Helmby H, Takeda K, Akira S, Grencis RK. Interleukin (il)-18 promotes the development of chronic gastrointestinal helminth infection by downregulating il-13. J Exp Med. 2001 Aug 6;194(3):355-64.

169. Akira S, Takeda K, Kaisho T. Toll-like receptors: critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity. Nat Immunol. 2001 Aug;2(8):675-80.

168. Bauer S, Kirschning CJ, Hacker H, Redecke V, Hausmann S, Akira S, Wagner H, Lipford GB. Human TLR9 confers responsiveness to bacterial DNA via species-specific CpG motif recognition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Jul 31;98(16):9237-42.

167. Sugawara S, Yang S, Iki K, Hatakeyama J, Tamai R, Takeuchi O, Akashi S, Espevik T, Akira S, Takada H. Monocytic Cell Activation by Nonendotoxic Glycoprotein from Prevotella intermedia ATCC 25611 Is Mediated by Toll-Like Receptor 2. Infect Immun. 2001 Aug;69(8):4951-7.

166. Akira S. Toll-like receptors and innate immunity. Adv Immunol. 2001;78:1-56.

165. Takeuchi O, Kawai T, Muhlradt PF, Morr M, Radolf JD, Zychlinsky A, Takeda K, Akira S. Discrimination of bacterial lipoproteins by Toll-like receptor 6. Int Immunol. 2001 Jul;13(7):933-940.

164. Toda K, Takeda K, Okada T, Akira S, Saibara T, Kaname T, Yamamura K, Onishi S, Shizuta Y. Targeted disruption of the aromatase P450 gene (Cyp19) in mice and their ovarian and uterine responses to 17beta-oestradiol. J Endocrinol. 2001 Jul;170(1):99-111.

163. Campos MA, Almeida IC, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Valente EP, Procopio DO, Travassos LR, Smith JA, Golenbock DT, Gazzinelli RT. Activation of Toll-Like Receptor-2 by Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchors from a Protozoan Parasite. J Immunol. 2001 Jul 1;167(1):416-423.

162. Mahalingam S, Karupiah G, Takeda K, Akira S, Matthaei KI, Foster PS. Enhanced resistance in STAT6-deficient mice to infection with ectromelia virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 May 22

161. Takeuchi O, Akira S. Toll-like receptors; their physiological role and signal transduction system. Int Immunopharmacol. 2001 Apr;1(4):625-35.

160. Hayashi F, Smith KD, Ozinsky A, Hawn TR, Yi EC, Goodlett DR, Eng JK, Akira S, Underhill DM, Aderem A. The innate immune response to bacterial flagellin is mediated by Toll-like receptor 5. Nature. 2001 Apr 26;410(6832):1099-1103.

159. Kaisho T, Takeuchi O, Kawai T, Hoshino K, Akira S. Endotoxin-Induced Maturation of MyD88-Deficient Dendritic Cells. J Immunol. 2001 May 1;166(9):5688-5694.

158. Kimura T, Chowdhury S, Tanaka T, Shimizu A, Iwase K, Oyadomari S, Gotoh T, Matsuzaki H, Mori M, Akira S, Takiguchi M. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta is required for activation of genes for ornithine cycle enzymes by glucocorticoids and glucagon in primary-cultured hepatocytes. FEBS Lett. 2001 Apr 6;494(1-2):105-111.

157. Kaisho T, Akira S. Dendritic-cell function in Toll-like receptor- and MyD88-knockout mice. Trends Immunol. 2001 Feb 1;22(2):78-83.

156. Akira S. [Toll-like receptors and innate immune system]. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso. 2001 Mar;46(4 Suppl):562-6. Japanese.

155. Yang S, Tamai R, Akashi S, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Sugawara S, Takada H. Synergistic Effect of Muramyldipeptide with Lipopolysaccharide or Lipoteichoic Acid To Induce Inflammatory Cytokines in Human Monocytic Cells in Culture. Infect Immun. 2001 Apr;69(4):2045-2053.

154. Toda K, Okada T, Takeda K, Akira S, Saibara T, Shiraishi M, Onishi S, Shizuta Y. Oestrogen at the neonatal stage is critical for the reproductive ability of male mice as revealed by supplementation with 17beta-oestradiol to aromatase gene (Cyp19) knockout mice. J Endocrinol. 2001 Mar;168(3):455-463.

153. Matsushima A, Kaisho T, Rennert PD, Nakano H, Kurosawa K, Uchida D, Takeda K, Akira S, Matsumoto M. Essential Role of Nuclear Factor (NF)-kappaB-inducing Kinase and Inhibitor of kappaB (IkappaB) Kinase alpha in NF-kappaB Activation through Lymphotoxin beta Receptor, but Not through Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor I. J Exp Med. 2001 Mar 5;193(5):631-636.

152. Thoma-Uszynski S, Stenger S, Takeuchi O, Ochoa MT, Engele M, Sieling PA, Barnes PF, Rollinghoff M, Bolcskei PL, Wagner M, Akira S, Norgard MV, Belisle JT, Godowski PJ, Bloom BR, Modlin RL. Induction of Direct Antimicrobial Activity Through Mammalian Toll-Like Receptors. Science. 2001 Feb 23;291(5508):1544-1547.

151. Akira S. [Signal pathways in immune systems: IL-1 R/Toll-like receptor family]. Nihon Rinsho Meneki Gakkai Kaishi. 2000 Dec;23(6):505-10. Japanese.

150. Filipp D, Alizadeh-Khiavi K, Richardson C, Palma A, Paredes N, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Julius M. Soluble CD14 enriched in colostrum and milk induces B cell growth and differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Jan 16;98(2):603-608.

149. Kawazoe Y, Naka T, Fujimoto M, Kohzaki H, Morita Y, Narazaki M, Okumura K, Saitoh H, Nakagawa R, Uchiyama Y, Akira S, Kishimoto T. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)-induced STAT Inhibitor 1 (SSI-1)/Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 (SOCS1) Inhibits Insulin Signal Transduction Pathway through Modulating Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 (IRS-1) Phosphorylation. J Exp Med. 2001 Jan 15;193(2):263-270.

148. Suzuki A, Hanada T, Mitsuyama K, Yoshida T, Kamizono S, Hoshino T, Kubo M, Yamashita A, Okabe M, Takeda K, Akira S, Matsumoto S, Toyonaga A, Sata M, Yoshimura A. CIS3/SOCS3/SSI3 Plays a Negative Regulatory Role in STAT3 Activation and Intestinal Inflammation. J Exp Med. 2001 Feb 19;193(4):471-482.

147. Kaisho T, Takeda K, Tsujimura T, Kawai T, Nomura F, Terada N, Akira S. IkappaB Kinase alpha Is Essential for Mature B Cell Development and Function. J Exp Med. 2001 Feb 19;193(4):417-426.

146. Seki E, Tsutsui H, Nakano H, Tsuji NM, Hoshino K, Adachi O, Adachi K, Futatsugi S, Kuida K, Takeuchi O, Okamura H, Fujimoto J, Akira S, Nakanishi K. Lipopolysaccharide-Induced IL-18 Secretion from Murine Kupffer Cells Independently of Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 That Is Critically Involved in Induction of Production of IL-12 and IL-1beta. J Immunol. 2001 Feb 15;166(4):2651-2657.

145. Nishiguchi M, Matsumoto M, Takao T, Hoshino M, Shimonishi Y, Tsuji S, Begum NA, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Toyoshima K, Seya T. Mycoplasma fermentans Lipoprotein M161Ag-Induced Cell Activation Is Mediated by Toll-Like Receptor 2: Role of N-Terminal Hydrophobic Portion in its Multiple Functions. J Immunol. 2001 Feb 15;166(4):2610-2616.

144. Sugawara I, Mizuno S, Yamada H, Matsumoto M, Akira S. Disruption of Nuclear Factor-Interleukin-6, a Transcription Factor, Results in Severe Mycobacterial Infection. Am J Pathol. 2001 Feb;158(2):361-366.

143. Kaisho T, Akira S. Critical roles of toll-like receptors in host defense. Crit Rev Immunol. 2000;20(5):393-405.

142. Hemmi H, Takeuchi O, Kawai T, Kaisho T, Sato S, Sanjo H, Matsumoto M, Hoshino K, Wagner H, Takeda K, Akira S. A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA. Nature. 2000 Dec 7;408(6813):740-5.

141. Perera PY, Mayadas TN, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Zaks-Zilberman M, Goyert SM, Vogel SN. CD11b/CD18 acts in concert with CD14 and toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 to elicit full lipopolysaccharide and taxol-inducible gene expression J Immunol. 2001 Jan 1;166(1):574-81.

140. Sato S, Nomura F, Kawai T, Takeuchi O, Muhlradt PF, Takeda K, Akira S. Synergy and cross-tolerance between toll-like receptor (TLR) 2- and TLR4-mediated signaling pathways. J Immunol. 2000 Dec 15;165(12):7096-101.

139. Inagaki K, Yamao T, Noguchi T, Matozaki T, Fukunaga K, Takada T, Hosooka T, Akira S, Kasuga M. SHPS-1 regulates integrin-mediated cytoskeletal reorganization and cell motility. EMBO J. 2000 Dec 15;19(24):6721-6731.

138. Tsuji S, Matsumoto M, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Azuma I, Hayashi A, Toyoshima K, Seya T. Maturation of human dendritic cells by cell wall skeleton of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin: involvement of toll-like receptors. Infect Immun. 2000 Dec;68(12):6883-90.

137. Takeuchi O, Hoshino K, Akira S. Cutting edge: TLR2-deficient and MyD88-deficient mice are highly susceptible to Staphylococcus aureus infection. J Immunol. 2000 Nov 15;165(10):5392-6.

136. Pien GC, Satoskar AR, Takeda K, Akira S, Biron CA. Cutting edge: selective IL-18 requirements for induction of compartmental IFN-gamma responses during viral infection. J Immunol. 2000 Nov 1;165(9):4787-91.

135. Akira S. Toll-like receptors: lessons from knockout mice. Biochem Soc Trans. 2000 Oct;28(5):551-6. Review.

134. Lu H, Yang X, Takeda K, Zhang D, Fan Y, Luo M, Shen C, Wang S, Akira S, Brunham RC. Chlamydia trachomatis mouse pneumonitis lung infection in IL-18 and IL-12 knockout mice: IL-12 is dominant over IL-18 for protective immunity. Mol Med. 2000 Jul;6(7):604-12.

133. Schnare M, Holt AC, Takeda K, Akira S, Medzhitov R. Recognition of CpG DNA is mediated by signaling pathways dependent on the adaptor protein MyD88. Curr Biol. 2000 Sep 21;10(18):1139-42.

132. Shi FD, Takeda K, Akira S, Sarvetnick N, Ljunggren HG. IL-18 directs autoreactive T cells and promotes autodestruction in the central nervous system via induction of IFN-gamma by NK cells. J Immunol. 2000 Sep 15;165(6):3099-104.

131. Chapman RS, Lourenco P, Tonner E, Flint D, Selbert S, Takeda K, Akira S, Clarke AR, Watson CJ. The role of Stat3 in apoptosis and mammary gland involution. Conditional deletion of Stat3. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2000;480:129-38. Review.

130. Hacker H, Vabulas RM, Takeuchi O, Hoshino K, Akira S, Wagner H. Immune Cell Activation by Bacterial CpG-DNA through Myeloid Differentiation Marker 88 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Factor (TRAF)6. J Exp Med. 2000 Aug 21;192(4):595-600.

129. Sakao Y, Kawai T, Takeuchi O, Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ, Jenkins NA, Takeda K, Akira S. Mouse proteasomal ATPases Psmc3 and Psmc4: genomic organization and gene targeting. Genomics. 2000 Jul 1;67(1):1-7.

128. Hashimoto A, Takeda K, Inaba M, Sekimata M, Kaisho T, Ikehara S, Homma Y, Akira S, Kurosaki T. Cutting edge: essential role of phospholipase C-gamma 2 in B cell development and function. J Immunol. 2000 Aug 15;165(4):1738-42.

127.Kawakami K, Koguchi Y, Qureshi MH, Miyazato A, Yara S, Kinjo Y, Iwakura Y, Takeda K, Akira S, Kurimoto M, Saito A. IL-18 Contributes to Host Resistance Against Infection with Cryptococcus neoformans in Mice with Defective IL-12 Synthesis Through Induction of IFN-gamma Production by NK Cells. J Immunol. 2000 Jul 15;165(2):941-947.

126.Mokuno Y, Matsuguchi T, Takano M, Nishimura H, Washizu J, Ogawa T, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Nimura Y, Yoshikai Y.
Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 2 on gammadelta T Cells Bearing Invariant Vgamma6/Vdelta1 Induced by Escherichia coli Infection in Mice. J Immunol. 2000 Jul 15;165(2):931-940.

125.Hashimoto M, Imamura Y, Morichika T, Arimoto K, Takeuchi O, Takeda K, Akira S, Aoyama K, Tamura T, Kotani S, Suda Y, Kusumoto S. Cytokine-inducing macromolecular glycolipids from enterococcus hirae: improved method for separation and analysis of its effects on cellular activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Jun 24;273(1):164-9.

124.Akira S. Roles of STAT3 defined by tissue-specific gene targeting. Oncogene. 2000 May 15;19(21):2607-11.

123.Sansonetti PJ, Phalipon A, Arondel J, Thirumalai K, Banerjee S, Akira S, Takeda K, Zychlinsky A. Caspase-1 activation of IL-1beta and IL-18 are essential for Shigella flexneri-induced inflammation. Immunity. 2000 May;12(5):581-90.

122.Monteforte GM, Takeda K, Rodriguez-Sosa M, Akira S, David JR, Satoskar AR. Genetically resistant mice lacking IL-18 gene develop Th1 response and control cutaneous Leishmania major infection. J Immunol. 2000 Jun 1;164(11):5890-3.

121.Takeda K, Akira S. STAT family of transcription factors in cytokine-mediated biological responses. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2000 Sep;11(3):199-207.

120.Kawakami K, Koguchi Y, Qureshi MH, Kinjo Y, Yara S, Miyazato A, Kurimoto M, Takeda K, Akira S, Saito A. Reduced host resistance and Th1 response to Cryptococcus neoformans in interleukin-18 deficient mice. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2000 May 1;186(1):121-126.

119.Ohkusu K, Yoshimoto T, Takeda K, Ogura T, Kashiwamura S, Iwakura Y, Akira S, Okamura H, Nakanishi K. Potentiality of interleukin-18 as a useful reagent for treatment and prevention of Leishmania major infection. Infect Immun. 2000 May;68(5):2449-56.

118.Nomura F*, Kawai T*, Nakanishi K, Akira S. (*equal contribution) NF-kappaB activation through IKK-i-dependent I-TRAF/TANK phosphorylation. Genes Cells. 2000 Mar;5(3):191-202.

117.Yokozeki H, Ghoreishi M, Takagawa S, Takayama K, Satoh T, Katayama I, Takeda K, Akira S, Nishioka K. Related Articles
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 is essential in the induction of contact hypersensitivity. J Exp Med. 2000 Mar 20;191(6):995-1004.

116.Nomura F, Akashi S, Sakao Y, Sato S, Kawai T, Matsumoto M, Nakanishi K, Kimoto M, Miyake K, Takeda K, Akira S. Cutting edge: endotoxin tolerance in mouse peritoneal macrophages correlates with down-regulation of surface toll-like receptor 4 expression. J Immunol. 2000 Apr 1;164(7):3476-9.

115.Kawakami K, Qureshi MH, Zhang T, Koguchi Y, Yara S, Takeda K, Akira S, Kurimoto M, Saito A. Involvement of endogenously synthesized interleukin (IL)-18 in the protective effects of IL-12 against pulmonary infection with Cryptococcus neoformans in mice. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2000 Mar;27(3):191-200.

114.Akira S. The role of IL-18 in innate immunity. Curr Opin Immunol. 2000 Feb;12(1):59-63.

113.Takeuchi S, Takeda K, Oishi I, Nomi M, Ikeya M, Itoh K, Tamura S, Ueda T, Hatta T, Otani H, Terashima T, Takada S, Yamamura H, Akira S, Minami Y. Mouse Ror2 receptor tyrosine kinase is required for the heart development and limb formation. Genes Cells. 2000 Jan;5(1):71-8.

112.Kodama T, Matsuyama T, Kuribayashi K, Nishioka Y, Sugita M, Akira S, Nakanishi K, Okamura H. IL-18 deficiency selectively enhances allergen-induced eosinophilia in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000 Jan;105(1 Pt 1):45-53.

111.Takeuchi O, Kaufmann A, Grote K, Kawai T, Hoshino K, Morr M, Muhlradt PF, Akira S. Cutting edge: preferentially the R-stereoisomer of the mycoplasmal lipopeptide macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 activates immune cells through a toll-like receptor 2- and MyD88-dependent signaling pathway. J Immunol. 2000 Jan 15;164(2):554-7.

110.Takeuchi O, Takeda K, Hoshino K, Adachi O, Ogawa T, Akira S. Cellular responses to bacterial cell wall components are mediated through MyD88-dependent signaling cascades. Int Immunol. 2000 Jan;12(1):113-7.

109.Okuda T, Takeda K, Fujita Y, Nishimura M, Yagyu S, Yoshida M, Akira S, Downing JR, Abe T. Biological characteristics of the leukemia-associated transcriptional factor AML1 disclosed by hematopoietic rescue of AML1-deficient embryonic stem cells by using a knock-in strategy. Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Jan;20(1):319-28.

108.Kaisho T, Tsutsui H, Tanaka T, Tsujimura T, Takeda K, Kawai T, Yoshida N, Nakanishi K, Akira S. Impairment of natural killer cytotoxic activity and interferon gamma production in CCAAT/enhancer binding protein gamma-deficient mice. J Exp Med. 1999 Dec 6;190(11):1573-82.

107.Hayashi N, Matsui K, Tsutsui H, Osada Y, Mohamed RT, Nakano H, Kashiwamura S, Hyodo Y, Takeda K, Akira S, Hada T, Higashino K, Kojima S, Nakanishi K. Kupffer cells from Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice participate in the prompt type 2 differentiation of hepatic T cells in response to worm antigens. J Immunol. 1999 Dec 15;163(12):6702-11.

106.Yoshimoto T, Tsutsui H, Tominaga K, Hoshino K, Okamura H, Akira S, Paul WE, Nakanishi K. IL-18, although antiallergic when administered with IL-12, stimulates IL-4 and histamine release by basophils. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Nov 23;96(24):13962-6.

105.Hoshino K, Kashiwamura S, Kuribayashi K, Kodama T, Tsujimura T, Nakanishi K, Matsuyama T, Takeda K, Akira S. The absence of interleukin 1 receptor-related T1/ST2 does not affect T helper cell type 2 development and its effector function. J Exp Med. 1999 Nov 15;190(10):1541-8.

104.Takeuchi O, Hoshino K, Kawai T, Sanjo H, Takada H, Ogawa T, Takeda K, Akira S. Differential roles of TLR2 and TLR4 in recognition of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial cell wall components. Immunity. 1999 Oct;11(4):443-51.

103.Matsumoto M, Tanaka T, Kaisho T, Sanjo H, Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ, Jenkins NA, Akira S. A novel LPS-inducible C-type lectin is a transcriptional target of NF-IL6 in macrophages. J Immunol. 1999 Nov 1;163(9):5039-48.

102.Chapman RS, Lourenco PC, Tonner E, Flint DJ, Selbert S, Takeda K, Akira S, Clarke AR, Watson CJ. Suppression of epithelial apoptosis and delayed mammary gland involution in mice with a conditional knockout of Stat3. Genes Dev. 1999 Oct 1;13(19):2604-16.

101.Tsutsui H, Kayagaki N, Kuida K, Nakano H, Hayashi N, Takeda K, Matsui K, Kashiwamura S, Hada T, Akira S, Yagita H, Okamura H, Nakanishi K. Caspase-1-independent, Fas/Fas ligand-mediated IL-18 secretion from macrophages causes acute liver injury in mice. Immunity. 1999 Sep;11(3):359-67.

100.Yogi Y, Endoh M, Tanaka T, Akira S, Okamura H, Nomaguchi H. [Bacteria killing by macrophages via NF-IL6 gene dependent mechanism: the susceptibility to Mycobacterium leprae in NF-IL6 knockout mice]. Nihon Hansenbyo Gakkai Zasshi. 1999 Jul;68(2):97-108. Japanese.

99.Sano S, Itami S, Takeda K, Tarutani M, Yamaguchi Y, Miura H, Yoshikawa K, Akira S, Takeda J. Keratinocyte-specific ablation of Stat3 exhibits impaired skin remodeling, but does not affect skin morphogenesis. EMBO J. 1999 Sep 1;18(17):4657-68.

98.Kawai T, Adachi O, Ogawa T, Takeda K, Akira S. Unresponsiveness of MyD88-deficient mice to endotoxin. Immunity. 1999 Jul;11(1):115-22.

97.Matsui H, Ihara Y, Fujio Y, Kunisada K, Akira S, Kishimoto T, Yamauchi-Takihara K. Induction of interleukin (IL)-6 by hypoxia is mediated by nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B and NF-IL6 in cardiac myocytes. Cardiovasc Res. 1999 Apr;42(1):104-12.

96.Shimada T, Kawai T, Takeda K, Matsumoto M, Inoue J, Tatsumi Y, Kanamaru A, Akira S. IKK-i, a novel lipopolysaccharide-inducible kinase that is related to IkappaB kinases. Int Immunol. 1999 Aug;11(8):1357-62.

95.Kawai T, Nomura F, Hoshino K, Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ, Jenkins NA, Akira S. Death-associated protein kinase 2 is a new calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that signals apoptosis through its catalytic activity. Oncogene. 1999 Jun 10;18(23):3471-80.

94.Yukawa K, Tanaka T, Tsuji S, Akira S. Regulation of transcription factor C/ATF by the cAMP signal activation in hippocampal neurons, and molecular interaction of C/ATF with signal integrator CBP/p300. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1999 May 21;69(1):124-34.

93.Riley JK, Takeda K, Akira S, Schreiber RD. Interleukin-10 receptor signaling through the JAK-STAT pathway. Requirement for two distinct receptor-derived signals for anti-inflammatory action. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jun 4;274(23):16513-21.

92.Akira S. Functional roles of STAT family proteins: lessons from knockout mice. Stem Cells. 1999;17(3):138-46. Review.

91.Takeuchi O, Kawai T, Sanjo H, Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ, Jenkins NA, Takeda K, Akira S. TLR6: A novel member of an expanding toll-like receptor family. Gene. 1999 Apr 29;231(1-2):59-65.

90.Hoshino K, Tsutsui H, Kawai T, Takeda K, Nakanishi K, Takeda Y, Akira S. Cutting edge: generation of IL-18 receptor-deficient mice: evidence for IL-1 receptor-related protein as an essential IL-18 binding receptor. J Immunol. 1999 May 1;162(9):5041-4.

89.Sugawara I, Yamada H, Kaneko H, Mizuno S, Takeda K, Akira S. Role of interleukin-18 (IL-18) in mycobacterial infection in IL-18-gene-disrupted mice. Infect Immun. 1999 May;67(5):2585-9.

88.Sakao Y, Takeda K, Tsutsui H, Kaisho T, Nomura F, Okamura H, Nakanishi K, Akira S. IL-18-deficient mice are resistant to endotoxin-induced liver injury but highly susceptible to endotoxin shock. Int Immunol. 1999 Mar;11(3):471-80.

87.Hoshino K, Takeuchi O, Kawai T, Sanjo H, Ogawa T, Takeda Y, Takeda K, Akira S. Cutting edge: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-deficient mice are hyporesponsive to lipopolysaccharide: evidence for TLR4 as the Lps gene product. J Immunol. 1999 Apr 1;162(7):3749-52.

86.Takeda K, Takeuchi O, Tsujimura T, Itami S, Adachi O, Kawai T, Sanjo H, Yoshikawa K, Terada N, Akira S. Limb and skin abnormalities in mice lacking IKKalpha. Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):313-6.

85.Tanaka T, Tsujimura T, Takeda K, Sugihara A, Maekawa A, Terada N, Yoshida N, Akira S. Targeted disruption of ATF4 discloses its essential role in the formation of eye lens fibres. Genes Cells. 1998 Dec;3(12):801-10.

84.Pizarro-Cerda J, Desjardins M, Moreno E, Akira S, Gorvel JP. Modulation of endocytosis in nuclear factor IL-6(-/-) macrophages is responsible for a high susceptibility to intracellular bacterial infection. J Immunol. 1999 Mar 15;162(6):3519-26.

83.Mizoguchi C, Uehara S, Akira S, Takatsu K. IL-5 induces IgG1 isotype switch recombination in mouse CD38-activated sIgD-positive B lymphocytes. J Immunol. 1999 Mar 1;162(5):2812-9.

82.Miyata S, Matsuyama T, Kodama T, Nishioka Y, Kuribayashi K, Takeda K, Akira S, Sugita M. STAT6 deficiency in a mouse model of allergen-induced airways inflammation abolishes eosinophilia but induces infiltration of CD8+ T cells. Clin Exp Allergy. 1999 Jan;29(1):114-23.

81.Takeda K, Clausen BE, Kaisho T, Tsujimura T, Terada N, Forster I, Akira S. Enhanced Th1 activity and development of chronic enterocolitis in mice devoid of Stat3 in macrophages and neutrophils. Immunity. 1999 Jan;10(1):39-49.

80.Kawai T, Sanjo H, Akira S. Duet is a novel serine/threonine kinase with Dbl-Homology (DH) and Pleckstrin-Homology (PH) domains. Gene. 1999 Feb 18;227(2):249-55.

79.Hyodo Y, Matsui K, Hayashi N, Tsutsui H, Kashiwamura S, Yamauchi H, Hiroishi K, Takeda K, Tagawa Y, Iwakura Y, Kayagaki N, Kurimoto M, Okamura H, Hada T, Yagita H, Akira S, Nakanishi K, Higashino K. IL-18 up-regulates perforin-mediated NK activity without increasing perforin messenger RNA expression by binding to constitutively expressed IL-18 receptor. J Immunol. 1999 Feb 1;162(3):1662-8.

78.Matsumoto M, Sakao Y, Akira S. Inducible expression of nuclear factor IL-6 increases endogenous gene expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha, osteopontin and CD14 in a monocytic leukemia cell line. Int Immunol. 1998 Dec;10(12):1825-35.

77.Akaishi H, Takeda K, Kaisho T, Shineha R, Satomi S, Takeda J, Akira S. Defective IL-2-mediated IL-2 receptor alpha chain expression in Stat3-deficient T lymphocytes. Int Immunol. 1998 Nov;10(11):1747-51.

76.Yukawa K, Tanaka T, Tsuji S, Akira S. Expressions of CCAAT/Enhancer-binding proteins beta and delta and their activities are intensified by cAMP signaling as well as Ca2+/calmodulin kinases activation in hippocampal neurons. J Biol Chem. 1998 Nov 20;273(47):31345-51.

75.Takeda K, Kaisho T, Yoshida N, Takeda J, Kishimoto T, Akira S. Stat3 activation is responsible for IL-6-dependent T cell proliferation through preventing apoptosis: generation and characterization of T cell-specific Stat3-deficient mice. J Immunol. 1998 Nov 1;161(9):4652-60.

74.Sanjo H, Kawai T, Akira S. DRAKs, novel serine/threonine kinases related to death-associated protein kinase that trigger apoptosis. J Biol Chem. 1998 Oct 30;273(44):29066-71.

73.Yoshimoto T, Takeda K, Tanaka T, Ohkusu K, Kashiwamura S, Okamura H, Akira S, Nakanishi K. IL-12 up-regulates IL-18 receptor expression on T cells, Th1 cells, and B cells: synergism with IL-18 for IFN-gamma production. J Immunol. 1998 Oct 1;161(7):3400-7.

72.Adachi O, Kawai T, Takeda K, Matsumoto M, Tsutsui H, Sakagami M, Nakanishi K, Akira S. Targeted disruption of the MyD88 gene results in loss of IL-1- and IL-18-mediated function. Immunity. 1998 Jul;9(1):143-50.

71.Akimoto T, Numata F, Tamura M, Takata Y, Higashida N, Takashi T, Takeda K, Akira S. Abrogation of bronchial eosinophilic inflammation and airway hyperreactivity in signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)6-deficient mice. J Exp Med. 1998 May 4;187(9):1537-42.

70.Akira S. IL-6-regulated transcription factors. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1997 Dec;29(12):1401-18. Review.

69.Shimada T, Matsumoto M, Tatsumi Y, Kanamaru A, Akira S. A novel lipopolysaccharide inducible C-C chemokine receptor related gene in murine macrophages. FEBS Lett. 1998 Apr 3;425(3):490-4.

68.Stephanou A, Isenberg DA, Akira S, Kishimoto T, Latchman DS. The nuclear factor interleukin-6 (NF-IL6) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) signalling pathways co-operate to mediate the activation of the hsp90beta gene by interleukin-6 but have opposite effects on its inducibility by heat shock. Biochem J. 1998 Feb 15;330 ( Pt 1):189-95.

67.Takeda K, Tsutsui H, Yoshimoto T, Adachi O, Yoshida N, Kishimoto T, Okamura H, Nakanishi K, Akira S. Defective NK cell activity and Th1 response in IL-18-deficient mice. Immunity. 1998 Mar;8(3):383-90.

66.Kawai T, Matsumoto M, Takeda K, Sanjo H, Akira S. ZIP kinase, a novel serine/threonine kinase which mediates apoptosis. Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Mar;18(3):1642-51.

65.Tanaka T, Yoshida N, Kishimoto T, Akira S. Defective adipocyte differentiation in mice lacking the C/EBPbeta and/or C/EBPdelta gene. EMBO J. 1997 Dec 15;16(24):7432-43.

64.Takeda K, Kishimoto T, Akira S. Signal transducer and activator of transcription protein (STAT): its relation to Th1/Th2-mediated diseases. Nutrition. 1997 Nov-Dec;13(11-12):987-8. No abstract available.

63.Akira S, Kishimoto T. Role of interleukin-6 in macrophage function. Curr Opin Hematol. 1996 Jan;3(1):87-93. Review.

62.Naka T, Narazaki M, Hirata M, Matsumoto T, Minamoto S, Aono A, Nishimoto N, Kajita T, Taga T, Yoshizaki K, Akira S, Kishimoto T. Structure and function of a new STAT-induced STAT inhibitor. Nature. 1997 Jun 26;387(6636):924-9.

61.Takeda K, Kishimoto T, Akira S. STAT6: its role in interleukin 4-mediated biological functions. J Mol Med. 1997 May;75(5):317-26. Review.

60.Takeda K, Noguchi K, Shi W, Tanaka T, Matsumoto M, Yoshida N, Kishimoto T, Akira S. Targeted disruption of the mouse Stat3 gene leads to early embryonic lethality. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Apr 15;94(8):3801-4.

59.Inoue M, Minami M, Matsumoto M, Kishimoto T, Akira S. The amino acid residues immediately carboxyl-terminal to the tyrosine phosphorylation site contribute to interleukin 6-specific activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. J Biol Chem. 1997 Apr 4;272(14):9550-5.

58.Akira S, Kishimoto T. NF-IL6 and NF-kappa B in cytokine gene regulation. Adv Immunol. 1997;65:1-46. Review. No abstract available.

57.Kurebayashi S, Miyashita Y, Hirose T, Kasayama S, Akira S, Kishimoto T. Characterization of mechanisms of interleukin-6 gene repression by estrogen receptor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1997 Jan;60(1-2):11-7.

56.Stephanou A, Amin V, Isenberg DA, Akira S, Kishimoto T, Latchman DS. Interleukin 6 activates heat-shock protein 90 beta gene expression. Biochem J. 1997 Jan 1;321 ( Pt 1):103-6.

55.Matsumoto M, Minami M, Takeda K, Sakao Y, Akira S. Ectopic expression of CHOP (GADD153) induces apoptosis in M1 myeloblastic leukemia cells. FEBS Lett. 1996 Oct 21;395(2-3):143-7.

54.Takeda K, Kamanaka M, Tanaka T, Kishimoto T, Akira S. Impaired IL-13-mediated functions of macrophages in STAT6-deficient mice. J Immunol. 1996 Oct 15;157(8):3220-2.

53.Shi W, Inoue M, Minami M, Takeda K, Matsumoto M, Matsuda Y, Kishimoto T, Akira S. The genomic structure and chromosomal localization of the mouse STAT3 gene. Int Immunol. 1996 Aug;8(8):1205-11.

52.Yu CR, Lin JX, Fink DW, Akira S, Bloom ET, Yamauchi A. Differential utilization of Janus kinase-signal transducer activator of transcription signaling pathways in the stimulation of human natural killer cells by IL-2, IL-12, and IFN-alpha. J Immunol. 1996 Jul 1;157(1):126-37.

51.Liu D, Li Z, Akira S, Kishimoto T. Overexpression of a reversion-related protein in the revertant RR cells. Sci China C Life Sci. 1996 Jun;39(3):300-9.

50.Akira S. [Transcription factors NF-IL6 and STAT3 involved in cytokine signal transductions]. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso. 1996 Jun;41(8 Suppl):1237-48. Review. Japanese. No abstract available.

49.Minami M, Inoue M, Wei S, Takeda K, Matsumoto M, Kishimoto T, Akira S. STAT3 activation is a critical step in gp130-mediated terminal differentiation and growth arrest of a myeloid cell line. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Apr 30;93(9):3963-6.

48.Takeda K, Tanaka T, Shi W, Matsumoto M, Minami M, Kashiwamura S, Nakanishi K, Yoshida N, Kishimoto T, Akira S. Essential role of Stat6 in IL-4 signalling. Nature. 1996 Apr 18;380(6575):627-30.

47.Sugiyama T, Nishio Y, Kishimoto T, Akira S. Identification of alternative splicing form of Stat2. FEBS Lett. 1996 Mar 4;381(3):191-4.

46.Akira S, Yoshida K, Tanaka T, Taga T, Kishimoto T. Targeted disruption of the IL-6 related genes: gp130 and NF-IL-6. Immunol Rev. 1995 Dec;148:221-53. Review.

45.Kishimoto T, Tanaka T, Yoshida K, Akira S, Taga T. Cytokine signal transduction through a homo- or heterodimer of gp130. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1995 Sep 7;766:224-34. Review.

44.Kishimoto T, Akira S, Narazaki M, Taga T. Interleukin-6 family of cytokines and gp130. Blood. 1995 Aug 15;86(4):1243-54.

43.Akira S, Nishio Y, Tanaka T, Inoue M, Matsusaka T, Wang XJ, Wei S, Yoshida N, Kishimoto T. Transcription factors NF-IL6 and APRF involved in gp130-mediated signaling pathway. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1995 Jul 21;762:15-27; discussion 27-8. No abstract available.

42.Toda K, Akira S, Kishimoto T, Sasaki H, Hashimoto K, Yamamoto Y, Sagara Y, Shizuta Y. Identification of a transcriptional regulatory factor for human aromatase cytochrome P450 gene expression as nuclear factor interleukin-6 (NF-IL6), a member of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein family. Eur J Biochem. 1995 Jul 15;231(2):292-9.

41.Tanaka T, Akira S, Yoshida K, Umemoto M, Yoneda Y, Shirafuji N, Fujiwara H, Suematsu S, Yoshida N, Kishimoto T. Targeted disruption of the NF-IL6 gene discloses its essential role in bacteria killing and tumor cytotoxicity by macrophages. Cell. 1995 Jan 27;80(2):353-61.

40.Akira S, Nishio Y, Inoue M, Wang XJ, Wei S, Matsusaka T, Yoshida K, Sudo T, Naruto M, Kishimoto T. Molecular cloning of APRF, a novel IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 p91-related transcription factor involved in the gp130-mediated signaling pathway. Cell. 1994 Apr 8;77(1):63-71.

39.Kishimoto T, Taga T, Akira S. Cytokine signal transduction. Cell. 1994 Jan 28;76(2):253-62. Review.

38.Betts JC, Cheshire JK, Akira S, Kishimoto T, Woo P. The role of NF-kappa B and NF-IL6 transactivating factors in the synergistic activation of human serum amyloid A gene expression by interleukin-1 and interleukin-6. J Biol Chem. 1993 Dec 5;268(34):25624-31.

37.Matsusaka T, Fujikawa K, Nishio Y, Mukaida N, Matsushima K, Kishimoto T, Akira S. Transcription factors NF-IL6 and NF-kappa B synergistically activate transcription of the inflammatory cytokines, interleukin 6 and interleukin 8. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Nov 1;90(21):10193-7.

36.Nakajima T, Kinoshita S, Sasagawa T, Sasaki K, Naruto M, Kishimoto T, Akira S. Phosphorylation at threonine-235 by a ras-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade is essential for transcription factor NF-IL6. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Mar 15;90(6):2207-11.

35.Nishio Y, Isshiki H, Kishimoto T, Akira S. A nuclear factor for interleukin-6 expression (NF-IL6) and the glucocorticoid receptor synergistically activate transcription of the rat alpha 1-acid glycoprotein gene via direct protein-protein interaction. Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Mar;13(3):1854-62.

34.Kyo S, Inoue M, Nishio Y, Nakanishi K, Akira S, Inoue H, Yutsudo M, Tanizawa O, Hakura A. NF-IL6 represses early gene expression of human papillomavirus type 16 through binding to the noncoding region. J Virol. 1993 Feb;67(2):1058-66.

33.Akira S, Taga T, Kishimoto T. Interleukin-6 in biology and medicine. Adv Immunol. 1993;54:1-78. Review. No abstract available.

32.Kishimoto T, Akira S, Taga T. Interleukin-6 and its receptor: a paradigm for cytokines. Science. 1992 Oct 23;258(5082):593-7. Review.

13.Akira S. NF-IL6 and gene regulation. Res Immunol. 1992 Sep;143(7):734-6.

30.Akira S, Kishimoto T. Mechanisms of soluble mediators. Curr Opin Immunol. 1992 Jun;4(3):307-13. Review.

29.Akira S, Kishimoto T. IL-6 and NF-IL6 in acute-phase response and viral infection. Immunol Rev. 1992 Jun;127:25-50. Review.

28.Kishimoto T, Akira S, Taga T. IL-6 receptor and mechanism of signal transduction. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1992 Apr;14(3):431-8. Review.

27.Kinoshita S, Akira S, Kishimoto T. A member of the C/EBP family, NF-IL6 beta, forms a heterodimer and transcriptionally synergizes with NF-IL6. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Feb 15;89(4):1473-6.

26.Akira S, Kishimoto T. The evidence for interleukin-6 as an autocrine growth factor in malignancy. Semin Cancer Biol. 1992 Feb;3(1):17-26. Review.

25.Spergel JM, Hsu W, Akira S, Thimmappaya B, Kishimoto T, Chen-Kiang S. NF-IL6, a member of the C/EBP family, regulates E1A-responsive promoters in the absence of E1A. J Virol. 1992 Feb;66(2):1021-30.

24.Natsuka S, Akira S, Nishio Y, Hashimoto S, Sugita T, Isshiki H, Kishimoto T. Macrophage differentiation-specific expression of NF-IL6, a transcription factor for interleukin-6. Blood. 1992 Jan 15;79(2):460-6.

23.Akira S, Isshiki H, Nakajima T, Kinoshita S, Nishio Y, Hashimoto S, Natsuka S, Kishimoto T. A nuclear factor for the IL-6 gene (NF-IL6). Chem Immunol. 1992;51:299-322. Review.

22.Akira S, Isshiki H, Nakajima T, Kinoshita S, Nishio Y, Natsuka S, Kishimoto T. Regulation of expression of the interleukin 6 gene: structure and function of the transcription factor NF-IL6. Ciba Found Symp. 1992;167:47-62; discussion 62-7. Review.

21.Natsuka S, Isshiki H, Akira S, Kishimoto T. Augmentation of haptoglobin production in Hep3B cell line by a nuclear factor NF-IL6. FEBS Lett. 1991 Oct 7;291(1):58-62.

20.Tang B, Matsuda T, Akira S, Nagata N, Ikehara S, Hirano T, Kishimoto T. Age-associated increase in interleukin 6 in MRL/lpr mice. Int Immunol. 1991 Mar;3(3):273-8.

19.Isshiki H, Akira S, Sugita T, Nishio Y, Hashimoto S, Pawlowski T, Suematsu S, Kishimoto T. Reciprocal expression of NF-IL6 and C/EBP in hepatocytes: possible involvement of NF-IL6 in acute phase protein gene expression. New Biol. 1991 Jan;3(1):63-70.

18.Hirano T, Akira S, Taga T, Kishimoto T. Biological and clinical aspects of interleukin 6. Immunol Today. 1990 Dec;11(12):443-9. Review.

17.Akira S, Hirano T, Taga T, Kishimoto T. Biology of multifunctional cytokines: IL 6 and related molecules (IL 1 and TNF). FASEB J. 1990 Aug;4(11):2860-7. Review.

16.Akira S, Isshiki H, Sugita T, Tanabe O, Kinoshita S, Nishio Y, Nakajima T, Hirano T, Kishimoto T. A nuclear factor for IL-6 expression (NF-IL6) is a member of a C/EBP family. EMBO J. 1990 Jun;9(6):1897-906.

15.Isshiki H, Akira S, Tanabe O, Nakajima T, Shimamoto T, Hirano T, Kishimoto T. Constitutive and interleukin-1 (IL-1)-inducible factors interact with the IL-1-responsive element in the IL-6 gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Jun;10(6):2757-64.

14.Suematsu S, Matsuda T, Aozasa K, Akira S, Nakano N, Ohno S, Miyazaki J, Yamamura K, Hirano T, Kishimoto T. IgG1 plasmacytosis in interleukin 6 transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Oct;86(19):7547-51.

13.Matsuda T, Suematsu S, Kawano M, Yoshizaki K, Tang B, Tanabe O, Nakajima T, Akira S, Hirano T, Kishimoto T. IL-6/BSF2 in normal and abnormal regulation of immune responses. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1989;557:466-76; discussion 476-7.

12.Hirano T, Taga T, Yamasaki K, Matsuda T, Yasukawa K, Hirata Y, Yawata H, Tanabe O, Akira S, Kishimoto T. Molecular cloning of the cDNAs for interleukin-6/B cell stimulatory factor 2 and its receptor. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1989;557:167-78, discussion 178-80.

11.Tanabe O, Akira S, Kamiya T, Wong GG, Hirano T, Kishimoto T. Genomic structure of the murine IL-6 gene. High degree conservation of potential regulatory sequences between mouse and human. J Immunol. 1988 Dec 1;141(11):3875-81.

10.Aguilera RJ, Akira S, Okazaki K, Sakano H. A pre-B cell nuclear protein that specifically interacts with the immunoglobulin V-J recombination sequences. Cell. 1987 Dec 24;51(6):909-17.

9.Akira S, Okazaki K, Sakano H. Two pairs of recombination signals are sufficient to cause immunoglobulin V-(D)-J joining. Science. 1987 Nov 20;238(4830):1134-8.

8.Sugiyama H, Maeda T, Akira S, Kishimoto S. Class-switching from mu to gamma 3 or gamma 2b production at pre-B cell stage. J Immunol. 1986 Apr 15;136(8):3092-7.

7.Yamamura K, Kikutani H, Folsom V, Clayton LK, Kimoto M, Akira S, Kashiwamura S, Tonegawa S, Kishimoto T. Functional expression of a microinjected Ed alpha gene in C57BL/6 transgenic mice. Nature. 1985 Jul 4-10;316(6023):67-9.

6.Kikutani H, Taga T, Akira S, Kishi H, Miki Y, Saiki O, Yamamura Y, Kishimoto T. Effect of B cell differentiation factor (BCDF) on biosynthesis and secretion of immunoglobulin molecules in human B cell lines. J Immunol. 1985 Feb;134(2):990-5.

5.Yamamura K, Kikutani H, Takahashi N, Taga T, Akira S, Kawai K, Fukuchi K, Kumahara Y, Honjo T, Kishimoto T. Introduction of human gamma 1 immunoglobulin genes into fertilized mouse eggs. J Biochem (Tokyo). 1984 Aug;96(2):357-63.

4.Akira S, Sugiyama H, Sakaguchi N, Kishimoto T. Immunoglobulin gene expression and DNA methylation in murine pre-B cell lines. EMBO J. 1984 Mar;3(3):677-81.

3.Akira S, Sugiyama H, Yoshida N, Kikutani H, Yamamura Y, Kishimoto T. Isotype switching in murine pre-B cell lines. Cell. 1983 Sep;34(2):545-56.

2.Sugiyama H, Akira S, Kikutani H, Kishimoto S, Yamamura Y, Kishimoto T. Functional V region formation during in vitro culture of a murine immature B precursor cell line. Nature. 1983 Jun 30;303(5920):812-5.

1.Sugiyama H, Akira S, Yoshida N, Kishimoto S, Yamamura Y, Kincade P, Honjo T, Kishimoto T. Relationship between the rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes, the appearance of a B lymphocyte antigen, and immunoglobulin synthesis in murine pre-B cell lines. J Immunol. 1982 Jun;128(6):2793-7.